أدرك الحقيقة.

Because ordinary Arabic writing usually leaves out the short vowels. So the same consonant skeleton أدرك can represent different forms, for example:

• أَدْرَكَ = he realized / he understood
• أُدْرِكُ = I realize / I understand
• أَدْرِكْ = realize! (addressing one male)

So in normal text, you often need context or a translation to know which meaning is intended.

It is a verb. More specifically, it comes from the root د ر ك and is usually analyzed as Form IV: أدرك.

This verb can carry meanings such as:

• to realize
• to perceive
• to grasp
• sometimes to catch up with or to reach

The exact meaning depends on context.

Then أدرك is:

• past tense
• 3rd person
• masculine
• singular

The fully vocalized form would be أَدْرَكَ.

Arabic often builds this information directly into the verb, so you do not need a separate word for he.

Arabic often drops subject pronouns because the verb itself already shows the person.

For example:

• أَدْرَكَ = he realized
• أُدْرِكُ = I realize
• أَدْرِكْ = realize! (you, masculine singular)

So unlike English, Arabic does not always need an explicit subject pronoun.

الحقيقة is the direct object of the verb: it is the thing being realized, understood, or grasped.

In fully vocalized formal Arabic, it would be:

• الحقيقةَ

That final ـَ shows the accusative case, which is the normal case for a direct object.

الـ is the Arabic definite article, equivalent to the in English.

So:

• حقيقة = a truth / truth
• الحقيقة = the truth

That is why the noun is definite here.

A careful pronunciation is roughly:

• al-ḥaqīqa in pause
• al-ḥaqīqata if you pronounce the full case ending

A few sounds may feel unfamiliar to English speakers:

• ح = a strong breathy h sound made deeper in the throat
• ق = a deep q sound, farther back than English k

So الحقيقة is approximately al-ḥa-qī-qa.

Because ح is a moon letter, not a sun letter.

In Arabic, the ل of الـ is:

• pronounced before moon letters
• assimilated before sun letters

Since ح is a moon letter, you say:

• al-ḥaqīqa

not something like aḥ-ḥaqīqa.

The final ة is called tāʾ marbūṭa.

It often marks a noun as grammatically feminine. In pronunciation:

• in pause, it usually sounds like -a
• when fully inflected, it can sound like -at

So:

• paused: الحقيقة = al-ḥaqīqa
• with case ending: الحقيقةَ = al-ḥaqīqata

Yes. A sentence like أدرك الحقيقة is perfectly normal Arabic.

Arabic commonly allows:

• verb + object
• or verb + subject + object
• or subject + verb + object

depending on style and emphasis.

For example:

• أدرك الرجل الحقيقةَ = The man realized the truth
• الرجل أدرك الحقيقةَ = also The man realized the truth, but with a different focus or rhythm

So the short sentence you have is natural and compact.

The root د ر ك is connected to the idea of:

• reaching
• catching up with
• attaining
• perceiving
• grasping mentally

That is why أدرك can mean not only physically reach in some contexts, but also mentally grasp or realize in others. This is very common in Arabic: one root can produce several related meanings.