تقدير الأضرار كبير بسبب الانبعاج.

تقدير الأضرار is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive/possessive phrase.

It consists of:

• تقدير = estimate / assessment
• الأضرار = the damages

Together, they mean:

• the estimate of the damages
• or more naturally in English, the damage estimate / the assessment of the damages

A few key points about iḍāfa:

• The first noun (تقدير) does not take الـ
• The second noun (الأضرار) is in the genitive relationship
• The whole phrase becomes definite because the second noun is definite

So even though تقدير by itself has no الـ, تقدير الأضرار means the damage estimate, not just a damage estimate.

Because كبير describes تقدير, not الأضرار.

The sentence’s main subject is the whole phrase تقدير الأضرار, but the head noun of that phrase is تقدير, and تقدير is:

• singular
• masculine

So the predicate adjective agrees with تقدير:

• تقدير ... كبير
• not كبيرة
• not كبار

This is a very common point in Arabic: in an iḍāfa, agreement usually follows the first noun, because that is the grammatical head.

In Arabic, present-tense nominal sentences usually do not use a separate word for is/am/are.

So:

• تقدير الأضرار كبير literally looks like:
• the damage estimate big

But it means:

• The damage estimate is large

This is normal Arabic sentence structure.

If you wanted the past tense, then Arabic would use a verb such as كان:

• كان تقدير الأضرار كبيرًا
• The damage estimate was large

بسبب means because of or due to.

So:

• بسبب الانبعاج = because of the dent / due to the buckling

It is used before a noun phrase, not a full clause.

Compare:

• بسبب الانبعاج = because of the denting/buckling
• لأن السيارة انبعجت = because the car got dented

So a useful distinction is:

• بسبب
  • noun
• لأن
  • full sentence/clause

Because بسبب is already a prepositional expression meaning because of, and it is followed directly by the thing that caused the result.

So:

• بسبب الانبعاج = because of the denting / because of the buckling

There is no need for another linking word like of in English, because Arabic handles that relationship directly.

Also, after بـ (the preposition inside بسبب), the following noun is understood as genitive. In fully vocalized Arabic, it would be:

• بسببِ الانبعاجِ

But short vowels are normally not written in everyday text.

الانبعاج is a verbal noun / abstract noun that refers to something like:

• denting
• buckling
• bulging
• deformation caused by impact or pressure

The exact English translation depends on context. In something like vehicle or material damage, it often suggests a dent or buckling/deformation.

So in this sentence, it refers to the physical damage that is causing the estimate to be high.

Yes, Arabic could use a singular form in some contexts, but الأضرار is very common in formal or technical language.

• ضرر = damage / harm (singular or collective)
• أضرار = damages / types of damage / multiple damages

In insurance, legal, or technical contexts, الأضرار often sounds natural because it can refer to:

• multiple kinds of damage
• multiple damaged parts
• damages in a formal assessment sense

So تقدير الأضرار is a common formal-style phrase meaning something like:

• damage assessment
• damage estimate

If fully vowelled, the sentence would typically be:

• تقديرُ الأضرارِ كبيرٌ بسببِ الانبعاجِ

Here is the breakdown:

• تقديرُ → nominative, because it is the subject
• الأضرارِ → genitive, because it is the second part of the iḍāfa
• كبيرٌ → nominative, because it is the predicate
• بسببِ → genitive ending on سبب because of the preposition بـ
• الانبعاجِ → genitive after بسبب

In normal Arabic writing, these short vowels are usually omitted, so learners have to infer them from grammar.

It is a nominal sentence.

It begins with a noun phrase:

• تقدير الأضرار = the damage estimate

Then it gives information about it:

• كبير = large
• بسبب الانبعاج = because of the denting/buckling

So the structure is:

• subject
  • predicate
    • cause phrase

That is a standard nominal-sentence pattern in Arabic.

Yes. كبير literally means big/large, but in context it can also mean:

• high
• significant
• substantial

So depending on the translation style, the sentence might be understood as:

• The damage estimate is large because of the dent.
• The damage estimate is high due to the buckling.
• The assessed damage is substantial because of the denting.

In financial or assessment contexts, English often prefers high or substantial rather than literally big.

Some changes are possible, but they can affect emphasis or naturalness.

The given sentence:

• تقدير الأضرار كبير بسبب الانبعاج

is straightforward and natural.

You could also say:

• بسبب الانبعاج، تقدير الأضرار كبير
• Because of the denting, the damage estimate is large

This puts more emphasis on the cause.

But you generally would not split the iḍāfa تقدير الأضرار, because it functions as one tight unit.

So learners should treat:

• تقدير الأضرار

as a single chunk meaning damage estimate / assessment of damages.