يحضر المدعو الحفل، بما في ذلك المأدبة.

Arabic often prefers a verbal sentence in ordinary narration. So يحضر المدعو الحفل follows a very common pattern:

• يحضر = verb
• المدعو = subject
• الحفل = object

This is normal verb-subject-object order in Modern Standard Arabic. You could also say المدعو يحضر الحفل, but that puts a little more focus on the invitee.

يحضر is in the imperfect form, which often covers:

• present: attends / is attending
• habitual: usually attends
• near future: will attend

Arabic does not separate these as rigidly as English does. The exact time comes from context. In a sentence like this, it can easily describe a scheduled or expected action.

المدعو literally means the invited one or the person who was called/invited. It comes from the verb دعا = to call / invite.

So grammatically, it is a passive participle:

• دعا = he invited
• مدعو = invited

In this sentence, it means something like the invitee or the invited guest.

A useful note: in other contexts, المدعو can sometimes mean the so-called or a person named ..., especially in formal or journalistic Arabic. But here it clearly means the invited person.

No. These are easy to confuse, but they are different verbs:

• يَحضُر = to attend / to be present
• يُحضِر = to bring

So:

• يحضر الحفل = he attends the ceremony
• يُحضر الطعام = he brings the food

A small vowel change makes a big difference here.

Because حضر in the sense of attend can take a direct object in MSA.

So Arabic says:

• حضر الحفل = he attended the ceremony

This is similar to English attend the ceremony, where no preposition is needed.
So الحفل is the direct object of يحضر.

بما في ذلك is a very common fixed expression meaning:

• including
• and that includes
• among which is

It is best learned as a whole chunk rather than translated word by word every time.

Its job is to add something that is considered part of what came before. Here, it tells you that the banquet is included as part of the event being attended.

Both nouns have الـ, so both are definite:

• الحفل = the ceremony / the event
• المأدبة = the banquet

This suggests the speaker has specific, known things in mind, not just any ceremony or any banquet. Arabic uses definiteness very naturally when referring to a particular event already understood from context.

They are related, but not the same:

• الحفل = the overall event, ceremony, party, or celebration
• المأدبة = the banquet, feast, or formal meal

So the sentence is saying that the invitee attends the event, including the banquet portion of it.

Here is the basic breakdown:

• يحضر = verb
• المدعو = subject
• الحفل = direct object
• بما في ذلك المأدبة = added phrase meaning including the banquet

If fully vocalized, the first part would typically look like this:

• يَحضُرُ المَدعُوُّ الحَفلَ

That shows:

• المدعوُّ in the nominative as the subject
• الحفلَ in the accusative as the object

In normal printed Arabic, these short case endings are usually omitted.

In modern Arabic punctuation, a comma is often used much like in English to separate extra or parenthetical information. Here, بما في ذلك المأدبة adds a clarifying detail, so the comma helps mark that addition.

Arabic punctuation is somewhat flexible, but this use is very natural.