يملك صديقي سيارة.

A careful MSA reading is yamliku ṣadīqī sayyāratan.

In normal pause at the end of the sentence, the final case ending is often not pronounced, so you may hear something closer to yamliku ṣadīqī sayyārah.

A rough guide:

• yamliku = YAM-li-ku
• ṣadīqī = sa-DEE-qee with an emphatic s
• sayyārah = sai-YAA-rah

يملك means he owns, he possesses, or sometimes he has in the sense of ownership.

It comes from the verb مَلَكَ = to own / possess.
So here يملك is the present/imperfect form meaning he owns.

In this verb form, يـ is the prefix used for the third person masculine singular in the present/imperfect tense.

So:

• يملك = he owns
• أملك = I own
• تملك = you own or she owns, depending on context
• نملك = we own

Because Arabic verbs already include subject information.

يملك already tells you he owns. Then صديقي comes after the verb and identifies who that he is: my friend.

So Arabic does not need a separate pronoun here.

Because Arabic often adds possessive endings directly to the noun.

• صديق = friend
• ـي = my

So:

• صديقي = my friend

Literally, it is something like friend-my, but in natural English we say my friend.

Because verb–subject–object order is very common in Modern Standard Arabic.

So:

• يملك صديقي سيارة = literally owns my friend a car

That sounds odd in English, but it is normal in Arabic.

You can also say:

• صديقي يملك سيارة

That is subject–verb–object order, and it is also correct. It may put a bit more focus on my friend.

Because it means a car, not the car.

In Arabic:

• سيارة = a car / car
• السيارة = the car

Arabic has no separate word for a/an. A noun without ال is often indefinite, and that gives the meaning a in English.

سيارة is the direct object because it is the thing being owned.

In fully vocalized MSA, it would be:

• يَمْلِكُ صَدِيقِي سَيَّارَةً

The ending ـً on سيارةً marks the indefinite accusative, which is the normal case for a direct object.

In ordinary Arabic writing, short vowels and case endings are usually not written, so you just see سيارة.

Because the possessive suffix ـي hides the usual final case vowel.

Compare:

• صديقٌ = a friend nominative
• الصديقُ = the friend nominative
• صديقي = my friend

In صديقي, the noun is still the subject in function, but the normal visible nominative ending is not shown separately because of the attached ـي.

Not exactly.

• يملك emphasizes ownership
• عنده or لديه often mean has in a broader sense

So:

• يملك صديقي سيارة = My friend owns a car
• عند صديقي سيارة or لدى صديقي سيارة = more like My friend has a car

For a car, all of these can work depending on context, but يملك is the clearest if you want to stress true ownership.

Yes. سيارة is a grammatically feminine noun.

Here, though, it does not affect the verb, because سيارة is the object, not the subject. The verb agrees with صديقي, which is masculine singular.

You can see the femininity of سيارة more clearly in sentences like:

• السيارة جديدة = The car is new

Here جديدة is feminine because it describes السيارة.

It would be:

يَمْلِكُ صَدِيقِي سَيَّارَةً

This shows:

• يَمْلِكُ = the verb, with nominative-style ending for the indicative present
• صَدِيقِي = my friend
• سَيَّارَةً = a car, as an indefinite direct object in the accusative