عامل النقل يغلف المصباح بالغلاف الفقاعي.

Because عامل النقل is an iḍāfa (construct phrase), literally worker of transport.

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take الـ
• the second noun shows whether the whole phrase is definite or indefinite

So:

• عامل نقل = a transport worker
• عامل النقل = the transport worker

Even without الـ on عامل, the whole phrase is definite because النقل is definite.

It is an iḍāfa: two nouns linked together.

• عامل = worker
• النقل = transport / moving / delivery

So the phrase literally means worker of transport, but in natural English it is something like:

• the transport worker
• the mover
• the delivery worker

In Arabic, this noun-noun structure is very common where English often uses of or an adjective.

Because the Arabic imperfect verb can cover several English meanings depending on context, including:

• wraps
• is wrapping
• does wrap
• sometimes even a future sense if the context makes that clear

So يغلف by itself does not force a single English tense like only is wrapping. Context tells you which English wording is best.

Because the verb already includes that information.

يغلف means he wraps / he is wrapping. The verb tells you:

• person: third person
• gender: masculine
• number: singular

So Arabic often does not need a separate subject pronoun like هو unless you want emphasis or contrast.

Yes—under full vocalization, it is يُغَلِّفُ.

This verb is from Form II, based on the root غ ل ف, and Form II usually has a doubled middle consonant, shown by a shadda:

• past: غَلَّفَ
• present: يُغَلِّفُ

In everyday unvowelled writing, the shadda is often omitted, so you may simply see يغلف.

Here بـ means something like with or by means of.

So:

• يغلف المصباح بالغلاف الفقاعي = he wraps the lamp with bubble wrap

This is a very common use of بـ to show the instrument, material, or means used to do something.

Because فقاعي is an adjective meaning bubbly / bubble- / bubble-like, derived from فقاعة (bubble).

So:

• غلاف = wrapping / cover
• غلاف فقاعي = bubble wrapping / bubble wrap
• الغلاف الفقاعي = the bubble wrap

This adjective فقاعي agrees with غلاف in:

• definiteness
• gender
• number
• case

That is why both words have الـ here.

Because the sentence is talking about specific things:

• المصباح = the lamp
• الغلاف الفقاعي = the bubble wrap

If you wanted them to be indefinite, you could say:

• مصباحًا = a lamp
• بغلافٍ فقاعيٍّ = with bubble wrap / with a bubble wrap covering

Arabic uses definiteness very actively, so learners often need to pay close attention to whether a noun is specific or not.

With full vowel endings, the sentence would be:

عامِلُ النَّقْلِ يُغَلِّفُ المِصْباحَ بِالغِلافِ الفُقاعِيِّ

Here is why:

• عامِلُ — nominative, because it is the subject
• النَّقْلِ — genitive, because it is the second term of an iḍāfa
• يُغَلِّفُ — imperfect verb
• المِصْباحَ — accusative, because it is the direct object
• بِالغِلافِ — genitive, because it comes after the preposition بـ
• الفُقاعِيِّ — genitive too, because it is an adjective describing الغلاف

Yes. Arabic allows more than one normal word order.

Your sentence begins with the subject:

• عامل النقل يغلف المصباح بالغلاف الفقاعي

You could also say:

• يغلف عامل النقل المصباح بالغلاف الفقاعي

Both are correct. Very roughly:

• SVO can feel a bit more topic-oriented: The transport worker, he wraps...
• VSO is also very standard in Arabic narrative and formal style

In this particular sentence, both sound natural.

A careful full pronunciation is:

ʿāmilu n-naqli yughaḷḷifu l-miṣbāḥa bil-ghilāfi l-fuqāʿiyyi

A few useful notes:

• النقل is pronounced an-naql / n-naql in connected speech because ن is a sun letter, so the l of الـ is assimilated.
• غ is the deep gh sound.
• ص in مصباح is an emphatic s.
• ع in فقاعي is a consonant, not just a vowel.

The root is غ ل ف, which has to do with covering or enclosing.

The verb here is Form II:

• غَلَّفَ = to wrap, cover, envelop
• يُغَلِّفُ = he wraps / is wrapping

Form II often gives a more causative, intensive, or deliberate sense than the basic root meaning. In practical terms, غلّف is a very natural verb for to wrap something.