المتحف الوطني يستعرض المجموعة الأثرية.

A helpful transliteration is:

al-matḥaf al-waṭanī yastaʿriḍ al-majmūʿa al-athariyya

A few sounds to notice:

• ḥ = a strong h sound from ح
• ṭ = an emphatic t from ط
• ʿ = the sound of ع, which has no exact English equivalent

In fully vocalized, careful MSA, it would be read more like:

al-matḥafu al-waṭaniyyu yastaʿriḍu al-majmūʿata al-athariyyata

But in normal reading, those final case vowels are often not pronounced.

Because in Arabic, adjectives normally come after the noun they describe.

So:

• المتحف الوطني = literally the museum the-national
• المجموعة الأثرية = literally the collection the-archaeological

That is the normal Arabic word order for noun + adjective.

Because Arabic adjectives must match the noun in definiteness.

So if the noun is definite with الـ (the), the adjective must also be definite:

• المتحف الوطني = the national museum
• المجموعة الأثرية = the archaeological collection

If the noun were indefinite, the adjective would also be indefinite:

• متحف وطني = a national museum
• مجموعة أثرية = an archaeological collection

يستعرض is a verb in the imperfect (non-past/present) tense.

Here it means something like:

• displays
• showcases
• presents
• sometimes reviews, depending on context

Grammatically, it is:

• 3rd person
• masculine
• singular

That matches المتحف because museum is a singular masculine noun.

It comes from the verb استعرض.

Because it begins with a noun phrase (المتحف الوطني), learners often think of it as a noun-first sentence:

• المتحف الوطني = the national museum
• يستعرض المجموعة الأثرية = displays the archaeological collection

In traditional Arabic grammar, this can be analyzed as a nominal sentence whose predicate is a verbal clause.

But you can also say:

يستعرض المتحف الوطني المجموعة الأثرية

That version begins with the verb and is a more straightforward verbal sentence.

Both are correct. The noun-first version gives a little more topical emphasis to the national museum.

Because it is describing المجموعة, and مجموعة is a feminine singular noun.

Arabic adjectives must agree with the noun in:

• gender
• number
• definiteness
• case

So:

• أثري = masculine singular
• أثرية = feminine singular

That is why you get:

المجموعة الأثرية

Similarly, الوطني is masculine because it describes المتحف, which is masculine.

No. It is not iḍāfa. It is a noun + adjective phrase.

Why not?

Because in المجموعة الأثرية, both words have الـ, and the second word is an adjective describing the first.

So this means:

the archaeological collection

An actual iḍāfa would look more like:

مجموعة الآثار = the collection of antiquities

Compare the two:

• المجموعة الأثرية = the archaeological collection
• مجموعة الآثار = the collection of antiquities

Those are related in meaning, but grammatically they are different structures.

In normal Arabic writing, short vowel endings are usually omitted.

If you fully vocalize the sentence, it would be:

الْمَتْحَفُ الْوَطَنِيُّ يَسْتَعْرِضُ الْمَجْمُوعَةَ الْأَثَرِيَّةَ

The endings show the grammar:

• المتحفُ = nominative
• الوطنيُّ = nominative, matching المتحف
• يستعرضُ = verb
• المجموعةَ = accusative, as the direct object
• الأثريةَ = accusative, matching المجموعة

In everyday printed Arabic, these vowels are usually left out, and readers understand them from context.

That letter is called tāʾ marbūṭa (ة).

In pause, it is usually pronounced like -a:

• al-majmūʿa
• al-athariyya

But when full case endings are pronounced, it behaves like -at:

• المجموعةُ = al-majmūʿatu
• المجموعةَ = al-majmūʿata

So in careful full reading of this sentence, the object phrase would sound like:

al-majmūʿata al-athariyyata

In this sentence, the ل of الـ is pronounced clearly in every case, because the following letters are moon letters, not sun letters.

So you say:

• al-matḥaf
• al-waṭanī
• al-majmūʿa
• al-athariyya

There is no assimilation here like in a word such as الشمس, where الـ is pronounced ash-.

Yes, absolutely.

Both of these are correct:

• المتحف الوطني يستعرض المجموعة الأثرية
• يستعرض المتحف الوطني المجموعة الأثرية

The difference is mainly one of word order and emphasis:

• starting with المتحف الوطني puts the museum in topic position
• starting with يستعرض feels more directly verbal: The national museum displays...

English speakers often expect just one fixed word order, but Arabic is more flexible.

Here is the structure:

• المتحف = the museum
• الوطني = national
• يستعرض = displays / showcases
• المجموعة = the collection / group
• الأثرية = archaeological

So the sentence is built as:

[the national museum] [displays] [the archaeological collection]

That gives you a very typical Arabic pattern:

• a noun phrase
• then a verb
• then a direct object with its adjective