هو يعيد السلعة.

Yes, you can often just say يعيد السلعة.

In Arabic, the verb يعيد already tells you the subject is he because the verb form marks 3rd person masculine singular. So هو is not always necessary.

Using هو can:

• add emphasis
• make the subject clearer
• create contrast, as in he is the one returning it, not someone else

So:

• يعيد السلعة = he returns / is returning the item
• هو يعيد السلعة = he returns / is returning the item, with extra explicitness or emphasis

يعيد is in the imperfect form.

In Modern Standard Arabic, the imperfect can cover several meanings depending on context, including:

• returns
• is returning
• sometimes will return

In this sentence, without extra context, يعيد السلعة most naturally means either:

• he returns the item
• he is returning the item

If you want a clearer future meaning, Arabic often adds something like سـ or سوف:

• سيعيد السلعة = he will return the item

There is no separate present-tense to be word here.

In Arabic, you usually do not use a separate verb meaning is/am/are in simple present-tense sentences. The verb itself carries the meaning.

So يعيد can naturally mean:

• returns
• is returning

That is normal Arabic structure, not something missing.

This is an important difference.

• عاد / يعود means to return, come back oneself
• أعاد / يعيد means to return something, restore something, send something back, and sometimes to repeat

So:

• هو يعود = he returns / comes back
• هو يعيد السلعة = he returns the item

Because السلعة is a direct object, Arabic uses the transitive verb يعيد.

Because the verb agrees with the subject, not the object.

In this sentence:

• هو is the subject
• هو is masculine singular
• so the verb is masculine singular: يعيد

The noun السلعة is the object, and its gender does not control the verb here.

Compare:

• هو يعيد السلعة = he returns the item
• هي تعيد السلعة = she returns the item

The change from يعيد to تعيد happens only when the subject changes.

الـ is the definite article, meaning the.

So:

• سلعة = an item / a commodity / some merchandise
• السلعة = the item / the commodity / the merchandise

In your sentence, the noun is definite, so Arabic uses الـ.

It is in the accusative case because it is the direct object of the verb.

In fully vocalized MSA, you would show that with a final -a sound:

• السلعةَ

Why accusative?

• يعيد is a transitive verb
• the thing being returned is the direct object
• direct objects in MSA take the accusative case

In normal unvoweled writing, you usually just see السلعة, without the case ending written out.

Yes.

Arabic allows more than one word order, depending on style and emphasis.

Your sentence is:

• هو يعيد السلعة = Subject–Verb–Object

A very common alternative is simply:

• يعيد السلعة = the verb comes first, and he is understood from the verb form

In many contexts, Arabic prefers not to repeat the pronoun if the verb already makes the subject clear. So يعيد السلعة can sound more neutral, while هو يعيد السلعة may feel more explicit or emphatic.

Not exactly. Because س is a sun letter, the ل in الـ is not pronounced.

So السلعة is pronounced more like:

• as-silʿa

Two pronunciation notes:

• the s sound is doubled because of assimilation
• the ع is a special Arabic consonant with no exact English equivalent

So the whole sentence is approximately:

• huwa yuʿeed as-silʿa

If you are reading with full case endings in careful MSA pronunciation, the object may be pronounced as-silʿata.

It can also mean repeats.

The verb أعاد / يعيد often has two common meanings:

• to return something
• to repeat something

Context tells you which meaning is intended.

Examples:

• يعيد السلعة = he returns the item
• يعيد السؤال = he repeats the question
• يعيد الدرس = he repeats the lesson

So this verb is very common, but you always need to look at the object and the context.