قدمت عالشغل.

A common broad pronunciation would be something like qaddamet ʿash-sheghol.

A few useful notes:

• ق changes a lot across Levantine dialects:
  • some speakers say q → qaddamet
  • many urban speakers use a glottal stop → ʾaddamet
  • some speakers, especially in parts of Jordan/Palestine, may say g → gaddamet
• عالشغل is pronounced as one flow: ʿa-sh-sheghol / ʿa-sh-shoghol
• The ل of ال is not heard clearly here because ش is a sun letter, so الشغل sounds like ash-sheghol, not al-sheghol

So depending on the speaker, you may hear something close to ʾaddamet ʿash-sheghol, qaddamet ʿash-sheghol, or gaddamet ʿash-shoghol.

It comes from the verb قدّم.

In Levantine, قدّم commonly means things like:

• to submit
• to present
• to apply

In this sentence, it is the everyday colloquial verb used for applying. So the first word is the past form of قدّم.

Because that is very normal in Levantine colloquial speech and writing.

• على often becomes عَ / عـ
• so عالشغل is basically عَ الشغل
• in informal writing, people often join them together as one chunk

So this is not strange at all. It is just the colloquial way people actually say it.

This is just a preposition difference between languages.

In Levantine, قدّم عـ is a common pattern meaning apply for / apply to something, especially a job, university, program, etc.

So you should learn the whole chunk as a unit:

• قدّم عـ شغل
• قدّم عـ وظيفة
• قدّم عـ جامعة

It is best not to translate the preposition word-for-word. English says apply for, but Levantine commonly says قدّم عـ.

شغل is a very flexible word in Levantine. It can mean:

• work
• job
• business/tasks/stuff

In this sentence, because it comes after قدّم عـ, it most naturally refers to a job / the job / the position rather than the general idea of work.

So even though الشغل literally looks like the work, in context it often comes across more naturally as the job.

It is clearly colloquial Levantine.

Reasons:

• عالشغل is colloquial spelling and pronunciation
• الشغل is a very everyday spoken word
• the whole phrasing is natural in speech, not formal written Arabic

In more formal Arabic, you would more likely see something like:

• قدّمتُ على الوظيفة
• تقدّمتُ إلى الوظيفة
• قدّمتُ طلبًا للوظيفة

So the sentence you were given is the kind of Arabic people actually say in conversation.

Yes — in Levantine, that form can be ambiguous in writing.

In many varieties, قدمت can correspond to:

• I applied
• you (masculine singular) applied
• she applied

Usually, context tells you which one is meant. In speech, intonation and surrounding conversation help. In writing, people may also add a pronoun if they want to be extra clear:

• أنا قدمت عالشغل
• إنتَ قدمت عالشغل
• هي قدمت عالشغل

This kind of ambiguity is very common in everyday Arabic.

Because Arabic often drops subject pronouns when they are not needed.

That is very normal. The verb usually carries enough information by itself, or the context makes the subject clear.

So:

• قدمت عالشغل is natural
• أنا قدمت عالشغل is also possible, but it adds emphasis, contrast, or clarity

For example, adding أنا might sound more like:

• I’m the one who applied
• As for me, I applied

So the version without the pronoun is usually the default.

Good question. The meaning here comes from the whole verb phrase, not from عالشغل by itself.

With different verbs, عالشغل can mean different things. For example:

• رحت عالشغل = I went to work
• إجيت عالشغل = I came to work
• قدّمت عالشغل = I applied for the job

So عالشغل itself does not force one single meaning. The verb before it matters a lot.

With قدّم, the phrase is understood as apply for.

Yes to both, with slightly different stylistic effects.

• على الشغل is the fuller version, but in everyday Levantine speech people usually reduce it to عالشغل
• قدمت عالوظيفة is also very natural, and وظيفة is often more specifically job/position
• قدمت عَ شغل without الـ can also happen, but it sounds more indefinite, like for a job

So these are all possible:

• قدمت عالشغل
• قدمت عالوظيفة
• قدمت عَ شغل

The choice depends on how specific you want to be and how casual or formal the situation is.

Very commonly:

• ما قدمت عالشغل = I didn’t apply for the job
• بقدّم عالشغل = I apply / I’m applying for the job
• عم بقدّم عالشغل = I’m applying for the job
  
  • this version makes the ongoing action clearer in many dialects
• رح قدّم عالشغل = I’ll apply for the job

So the sentence you were given is the past form, and these are some very common related patterns in Levantine.