في حالة المديونية، البنك بيسال عن الضامن.

In Egyptian Arabic, بـ before a present-tense verb usually marks the ordinary present or a habitual/general action.

So:

• يسأل is the basic verb form he asks
• بيسأل is the common Egyptian present form he asks / he is asking / he would ask, depending on context

Here, البنك بيسال عن الضامن means the bank asks or will ask about the guarantor, depending on the situation.

That is a very common feature of informal Arabic writing. The more careful spelling is بيسأل, with a hamza in the middle. But many people leave the hamza out when typing quickly, so you may see بيسال.

A learner should recognize that:

• بيسأل = more careful spelling
• بيسال = informal spelling of the same word

The pronunciation is roughly biyisʔal or byisʔal, though in fast speech the glottal stop may sound lighter.

Because Arabic often uses the iḍāfa construction instead of a separate word like of.

So:

• حالة = case / state
• المديونية = indebtedness

Together, حالة المديونية literally looks like case/state indebtedness, but it means the state of indebtedness or case of indebtedness.

This is one of the most common Arabic structures, and English speakers often need time to get used to it.

Literally, في حالة means in the case of or in the state of. In this sentence, it works like a formal English expression such as:

• in case of
• in the event of
• if there is

So في حالة المديونية is a formal way to say something like in case of indebtedness.

المديونية is a fairly formal word meaning indebtedness, being in debt, or outstanding debt/liability.

It sounds more at home in:

• banking
• legal language
• contracts
• official documents

In more everyday Egyptian, people might say ديون instead. So the original sentence sounds more official than casual conversation.

Because سأل عن is a normal Arabic pattern meaning to ask about, to inquire about, or sometimes to ask for information about.

So:

• سأل = asked
• سأل عن = asked about / inquired about

In this sentence, the bank is not just asking in a general sense. It is specifically asking about the guarantor or requesting information about the guarantor.

الضامن means the guarantor: the person who guarantees the debt, loan, or financial obligation. Depending on the legal context, English might also use terms like surety or sometimes co-signer, though those are not always exactly the same in law.

In Egyptian pronunciation, الضامن is often said approximately as eḍ-ḍāmen, because ض is a sun letter, so the ل in ال assimilates to the following consonant.

Arabic often puts the condition or context first. So the sentence begins by setting the situation:

في حالة المديونية، = in case of indebtedness,

Then it gives the main statement:

البنك بيسال عن الضامن = the bank asks about the guarantor

This kind of word order is very natural in Arabic, especially in more formal or written-style language. The comma simply marks a pause after the opening condition.

Arabic often uses the definite article ال when the thing is understood from context. In a sentence about a loan or debt situation, البنك means the bank involved in the case.

If you said just بنك, it would sound more like a bank or bank in a less specific sense. Here the sentence is clearly referring to a particular bank connected to the debt.

A more casual version might be:

• لو فيه ديون، البنك بيسأل عن الضامن
• لو الشخص عليه ديون، البنك بيسأل عن الضامن

These sound more conversational. The original في حالة المديونية، البنك بيسال عن الضامن sounds more formal and official, which fits banking language very well.