الرغوة فوق القهوة.

A natural Egyptian pronunciation is:

ir-raghwa fōʔ il-ʔahwa

A quick breakdown:

• الرغوة → ir-raghwa
• فوق → fōʔ
• القهوة → il-ʔahwa

Two important pronunciation points:

• The sound ʔ is a glottal stop, like the break in uh-oh.
• The letter ق in Egyptian Arabic is often pronounced as that glottal stop, so القهوة sounds like il-ʔahwa, not al-qahwa.

Because both nouns are definite.

So the sentence is literally:

the foam above the coffee

Arabic often uses ال where English might or might not use the, depending on context. Here it sounds like we are talking about specific foam and specific coffee, not foam in general.

Because ر is a sun letter.

When ال comes before a sun letter, the l sound disappears and the next consonant gets doubled. So:

• الرغوة
• written with ال
• pronounced ir-raghwa or er-raghwa

You do not say the l clearly here.

Because ق is a moon letter, not a sun letter.

With moon letters, the ل in ال is still pronounced. So:

• القهوة → il-ʔahwa

In Egyptian pronunciation, the ق usually becomes a glottal stop, but the article itself still stays audible.

Because in Arabic, especially in simple present-tense sentences, is/am/are is usually omitted.

So:

• الرغوة فوق القهوة literally looks like
• the foam above the coffee

But it means:

• The foam is above the coffee or
• The foam is on top of the coffee

This is completely normal in Arabic.

فوق can mean above, over, or on top of, depending on context.

In this sentence, the most natural meaning is probably:

• on top of the coffee or
• above the coffee

If you want to emphasize simple contact with a surface, Arabic often uses على. But فوق is very common when something is positioned higher than something else, especially visually on top of it.

Yes, you might hear that too, depending on what exactly you want to express.

A rough difference:

• فوق القهوة = above / over / on top of the coffee
• على القهوة = on the coffee

In real speech, the difference can be small, and both may sound natural in the right situation. فوق often gives a stronger sense of being over or on top of.

That letter is taa marbuuTa: ة.

In nouns like these, it often marks a feminine noun. In pause, it is usually pronounced like -a or -ah in Egyptian-style pronunciation.

So:

• رغوة → raghwa
• قهوة → ʔahwa

Even though the letter is written ة, you usually do not pronounce a clear t here when the word stands alone.

غ is pronounced from the back of the throat. In many descriptions, it is compared to:

• the French or Parisian r
• a gargled r

It is not like English g.

So الرغوة starts with something like:

ragh-

with that back-of-the-throat gh sound.

The writing is basically the same, but the pronunciation changes.

A formal or MSA-style pronunciation would be closer to:

• ar-raghwatu fawqa al-qahwati with full case endings or more simply without full endings:
• ar-raghwa fawqa al-qahwa

In Egyptian Arabic, it becomes more like:

• ir-raghwa fōʔ il-ʔahwa

So the biggest differences are:

• ال sounds more like il / el
• ق often becomes ʔ
• فوق is commonly pronounced fōʔ

Because Arabic is simply stating what the topic is, then giving its location.

So the structure is:

• الرغوة = the foam
• فوق القهوة = above the coffee

This is a very common Arabic pattern:

• noun + location
• meaning noun is in that location

So الرغوة فوق القهوة is the normal, neutral way to say it.