مسؤول المطالبات طلب المستندات الداعمة.

Because مسؤول المطالبات is an iḍāfa construction, often called a genitive or X of Y structure.

In an iḍāfa:

• the first noun usually does not take الـ
• the whole phrase becomes definite if the second noun is definite

So:

• مسؤول مطالبات = a claims officer
• مسؤول المطالبات = the claims officer

That is why مسؤول appears without الـ here. Saying المسؤول المطالبات would be wrong in this structure.

It is understandable in Egypt, but it sounds formal and closer to Modern Standard Arabic or business/legal language than everyday casual speech.

That is very common in Egypt: in offices, insurance, banks, hospitals, and official messages, people often use formal vocabulary even when speaking Egyptian.

In more casual Egyptian, people might say something like:

• الموظف بتاع المطالبات طلب المستندات
• مسؤول المطالبات طلب الورق
• طلبوا المستندات المطلوبة

So the sentence is natural in a bureaucratic or professional context, even if it is not very colloquial.

Here المطالبات means claims.

It is the plural of مطالبة. Depending on context, مطالبة can mean things like:

• a claim
• a demand
• an assertion

In insurance or administrative language, مطالبة / مطالبات very often refers to claims, which is the meaning here.

Here it is a verb, specifically the past tense: requested or asked for.

The structure is:

• مسؤول المطالبات = the subject
• طلب = the verb
• المستندات الداعمة = the object

So the pattern is basically:

[subject] + [verb] + [object]

It is true that طلب can also be a noun in other contexts, meaning request or demand, but not in this sentence.

Because المستندات is a non-human plural, and in Arabic non-human plurals usually take feminine singular adjective agreement.

So:

• المستندات = plural, non-human
• الداعمة = feminine singular adjective, which is the normal pattern

This is a very important Arabic rule.

Other examples:

• الكتب الجديدة = the new books
• الأوراق المطلوبة = the required papers
• المستندات الداعمة = the supporting documents

Even though the noun is plural in meaning, the adjective is often feminine singular when the noun is non-human.

Because adjectives in Arabic normally match the noun in definiteness as well as other features.

So if the noun is definite:

• المستندات = the documents

then the adjective must also be definite:

• الداعمة = the supporting

That is why you get:

• المستندات الداعمة

If the phrase were indefinite, it would be:

• مستندات داعمة = supporting documents

So the الـ on both words is completely expected.

A natural Egyptian-style pronunciation would be approximately:

masʔūl el-moṭālbāt ṭalab el-mostanadāt ed-dāʿma

A few notes:

• مسؤول has a glottal stop in the middle: mas-ʔūl
• الـ in الداعمة assimilates because د is a sun letter, so it sounds like ed-dāʿma, not el-dāʿma
• المستندات is often pronounced el-mostanadāt
• vowel quality can vary a bit from speaker to speaker

If you want, an English-friendly rough version is:

mas-ool el-mo-taal-baat talab el-mosta-na-daat ed-daama

That is only approximate, but it helps with the flow.

Yes. That is also correct.

Arabic allows both:

• مسؤول المطالبات طلب المستندات الداعمة
• طلب مسؤول المطالبات المستندات الداعمة

The first version starts with the subject.
The second version starts with the verb.

Both are grammatical. In formal Arabic, verb-first order is very common, but subject-first order is also common, especially in modern writing when the speaker wants to foreground the subject.

So the sentence you were given is normal, but it is not the only possible word order.

The singular is مستند, meaning document.

So:

• مستند = document
• مستندات = documents

Even though مستند is not feminine, its plural is formed with -ات, which is very common for many non-human and technical nouns.

That is why you see:

• المستندات = the documents

This is a useful pattern to recognize in administrative and legal vocabulary.