الدبلة دهب.

In Egyptian Arabic, دبلة usually means a wedding ring or engagement ring/band, not just any ring in general.

A more general word for ring is خاتم.

So الدبلة is more specific than just a ring.

A common pronunciation is ed-debla dahab.

Two useful notes:

• ال before د is pronounced with assimilation, because د is a sun letter. So you hear ed- rather than al-.
• ة at the end of دبلة is pronounced like -a in pause, so debla.

So the whole sentence sounds roughly like ed-debla dahab.

Because in Arabic, especially in the present tense, sentences like this usually do not use a separate word for is.

So:

• الدبلة دهب = The ring is gold

This is a very normal Arabic pattern called a nominal sentence.

If you want another tense, then a verb can appear, for example:

• الدبلة كانت دهب = The ring was gold

Not exactly. Here دهب is a noun meaning gold, and it is being used as the predicate of the sentence.

So the structure is basically:

• الدبلة = the ring
• دهب = gold

Literally, it is something like The ring: gold.

English usually prefers is made of gold or is gold, but Arabic can express the material just by putting the noun after the subject.

Because دهب here is not behaving like a regular adjective that agrees with الدبلة.

If you used an adjective meaning golden, then you would expect feminine agreement, such as دهبية.

But in الدبلة دهب, the word دهب is a noun of material, not an agreeing adjective. That is why it does not change form.

Because الدبلة is the subject, and it is definite: the ring.

But دهب is the predicate, and in this kind of sentence it is normally left without الـ.

So:

• الدبلة = the ring
• دهب = gold

If you added الـ to دهب, it would sound like the gold, which changes the structure and meaning.

Normally, it means made of gold.

If you want to say gold-colored or golden, you would usually use a different expression, such as:

• الدبلة دهبية = The ring is golden / gold-colored
• لون الدبلة دهبي = The ring’s color is golden

So دهب usually points to the material, not just the color.

Yes. الدبلة من دهب is also natural and clear, and it more explicitly means The ring is made of gold.

Compare:

• الدبلة دهب = shorter, very natural, conversational
• الدبلة من دهب = a little more explicit: the ring is made of gold

Both are good Egyptian Arabic.

Yes, very often.

For example:

• الكرسي خشب = The chair is wooden / made of wood
• السلسلة فضة = The chain is silver
• الشنطة جلد = The bag is leather

So noun + material noun is a very common Egyptian Arabic pattern.