انا قدمت على الوظيفة الشاغرة.

Here قدمت على means applied for.

The verb is قدّم and, with the preposition على, it commonly means to apply for something, especially a job, program, or university. So قدمت على الوظيفة means I applied for the job.

قدمت is the past tense: I applied.

More exactly, it is the first-person singular past form of قدّم. In English, depending on context, it can be translated as either I applied or I have applied.

It comes from the verb قدّم.

• Base form: قدّم = he applied / he submitted
• Add -ت for I in the past:
• قدّمت = I applied / I submitted

So the -ت ending is what tells you the subject is I.

Because أنا is often optional in Arabic.

The verb قدمت already tells you the subject is I, so the sentence could simply be قدمت على الوظيفة الشاغرة. Adding أنا can make the sentence clearer, more emphatic, or just more natural in conversation.

Because قدّم على is the normal expression for apply for.

This is one of those verb + preposition combinations that you mostly have to learn as a unit. English uses apply for, and Arabic here uses قدّم على.

A useful comparison:

• قدمت على الوظيفة = I applied for the job
• قدمت الـCV للشركة = I submitted the CV to the company

So على points to the thing you are applying for.

Because Arabic writing usually leaves out short vowels, and often learners must know the verb pattern from context and vocabulary.

In this sentence, the meaning and the expression قدّم على tell you the verb is قدّم, so قدمت is understood as قدّمت.

In Egyptian Arabic, many speakers pronounce ق as a glottal stop, so you often hear 'addamt instead of qaddamt.

Because adjectives normally come after the noun in Arabic.

So:

• الوظيفة = the job
• الشاغرة = vacant / open
• الوظيفة الشاغرة = the vacant job or the open position

This is the normal Arabic word order: noun + adjective.

Because the adjective has to match the noun in definiteness.

If the noun is definite, the adjective must also be definite:

• الوظيفة الشاغرة = the vacant job

If the noun were indefinite, the adjective would also be indefinite:

• وظيفة شاغرة = a vacant job

This agreement is a very important Arabic pattern.

Because وظيفة is a feminine noun.

In Arabic, adjectives must agree with the nouns they describe in gender. Since وظيفة is feminine, the adjective must also be feminine:

• feminine: شاغرة
• masculine: شاغر

So الوظيفة الشاغرة is correct.

It is understandable and fine, but it sounds somewhat formal.

The part قدمت على is very normal. The phrase الوظيفة الشاغرة sounds more like formal Arabic, written Arabic, or job-ad language.

In casual Egyptian speech, people might also say things like:

• أنا قدمت على الوظيفة دي
• أنا قدمت على شغلانة
• أنا قدمت على الوظيفة

A common Egyptian-style pronunciation would be:

ana 'addamt ʿala l-waziifa esh-shaaghra

A few notes:

• قدمت is often pronounced 'addamt
• الوظيفة is often el-waziifa
• الشاغرة becomes esh-shaaghra because the ال article assimilates before ش

You may also hear slight pronunciation differences depending on the speaker and how formal they are being.

وظيفة is more neutral or formal and is very common for job / position, especially in professional contexts.

شغلانة is more colloquial and casual. It also means job, but it feels more everyday and conversational.

So in a sentence about applying, وظيفة is especially natural if you are talking about an official opening or a job posting.