صباعي بيوجعني.

A learner-friendly transliteration is soba3i biywaga3ni.

A few notes:

• 3 stands for the Arabic letter ع
• ص is a heavier, emphatic s
• Different books may spell it slightly differently in Latin letters, but soba3i biywaga3ni is a useful approximation

صباعي is:

• صباع = finger
• -ي = my

So صباعي is simply my finger.

Also, because the possessive -ي is already attached, you do not add ال. Possessed nouns are already definite.

In Egyptian Arabic, possession is very often shown with a suffix attached directly to the noun.

For example:

• صباعي = my finger
• صباعك = your finger
• صباعه = his finger
• صباعها = her finger

So instead of a separate word like English my, Arabic usually attaches it to the end.

Literally, بيوجعني means it hurts me or it is hurting me.

The important part for learners is:

• -ني = me

So the whole sentence is built like:

• my finger
  • hurts me

That is a very normal Arabic way to express pain.

Because Egyptian Arabic commonly describes pain as something that affects the speaker directly.

So instead of just saying:

• my finger hurts

Arabic often says:

• my finger is hurting me

This is one of those places where Arabic and English package the same idea differently.

Because صباع is masculine singular, and the verb agrees with it.

So:

• masculine singular subject -> بيـ...
• feminine singular subject often -> بتـ...

For example:

• صباعي بيوجعني = my finger hurts
• إيدي بتوجعني = my hand hurts

So the beginning of the verb changes depending on the gender of the noun doing the action.

In Egyptian Arabic, بيـ is a common present-tense marker.

Here it gives the sense of:

• hurts
• is hurting

So بيوجعني is a present-time form. In context, it usually means the pain is happening now, but it can also be used more generally depending on the situation.

Yes, صباع is the everyday Egyptian Arabic word.

A learner may compare it with the more formal/standard word:

• إصبع = finger in Modern Standard Arabic

So if you learned إصبع before, that is why صباع may look unfamiliar. The sentence you were given is in natural Egyptian speech.

Yes. A very common alternative is:

صباعي واجعني

Both are natural.

A rough difference:

• بيوجعني feels more clearly verbal: it is hurting me
• واجعني feels a bit more like painful / hurting me

In everyday conversation, you will hear both.

A very useful pattern is:

[body part + possessive suffix] + [hurt-verb + object suffix]

For example:

• إيدي بتوجعني = my hand hurts
• ضهري بيوجعني = my back hurts
• سِنّي بيوجعني = my tooth hurts

So once you know the body-part word and whether it is masculine or feminine, you can build many similar sentences.