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Breakdown of Ich habe keine Frau, keine Kinder, keine Familie...
ich
I
die Frau
the woman
das Kind
the child
haben
to have
kein
no; not a
Singular (masculine/neuter): kein
Singular (feminine): keine
Plural: keine
There are declensions, but we will deal with that later. (If you must know...these are the forms for Nominative and Accusative. But you may, for the time being, use the austrich method and pretend you have never seen what is written inside these brackets...)
die Familie
the family
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“How do German cases work?”
German has four grammatical cases: nominative (subject), accusative (direct object), dative (indirect object), and genitive (possession). The case determines the form of articles and adjectives. For example, "the dog" is "der Hund" as a subject but "den Hund" as a direct object.
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