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### Citing sources with *zufolge*

When discussing news, weather reports, or scientific studies, you often need to say "according to" a particular source. In German, the word **zufolge** does exactly this.

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However, **zufolge** is special: it is a *postpositioned* preposition. This means it is placed **after** the noun it modifies, rather than before it. In addition, the noun that comes before it must always take the **dative** case.

### Using *zufolge* with masculine and neuter nouns

Because *zufolge* requires the dative, masculine and neuter nouns will use the article *dem* or *einem*.

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Notice how the entire phrase (like *Dem Meteorologen zufolge*) occupies the first position in the sentence. As always in a German main clause, the conjugated verb takes the second position.

### Using *zufolge* with feminine and plural nouns

For feminine nouns, the dative article is *der* or *einer*. For plural nouns, it is *den* (and remember to add an *-n* to the end of the plural noun if it doesn't already have one).

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### Placement in the middle of a sentence

While *zufolge* phrases often appear at the beginning of a sentence to establish the source right away, you can also place them in the middle of the sentence.

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The postpositioned preposition 'zufolge' (zufolge)

adjective

adverb

auxiliary verb

conjunction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Definite articles and gender (der, die, das)

Indefinite articles (ein, eine)

Regular verbs and statement word order (ich -e, er -t)

The second person (du -st, Sie -en)

Yes/No questions

The verb 'to have' (habe, hast, hat)

Plural pronouns and regular verbs (wir, ihr, sie)

Plural 'to be' and 'to have' (sind, haben)

Plural nouns and the plural article (die)

Sentence negation (nicht)

Noun negation (kein, keine)

Question words (wer, was, wo, wie)

Numbers 0 to 12 (null, eins, zwei)

The accusative case (den, die, das)

Indefinite accusative articles (einen, keinen)

Direct object pronouns (mich, dich, ihn)

There is / there are (es gibt)

Vowel changes: e to i/ie (er spricht, sie liest)

Vowel changes: a to ä (er fährt)

Weather and conditions (es regnet)

First- and second-person possessives in the nominative (mein, dein, Ihr)

First- and second-person possessives in the accusative (meinen, deinen, Ihren)

Third-person and plural possessives (sein, ihr, unser, euer)

Possession with names (Annas Auto)

Demonstrative pronouns (dieser, diese, dieses)

Expressing preference (gern, lieber)

Asking about direction and origin (woher, wohin)

Expressing ability (können)

Polite requests (möchten)

Expressing intention (wollen)

Modal verbs of obligation and permission (müssen, dürfen)

Separable prefix verbs

Adverbs of frequency (immer, oft, manchmal, nie)

The Dative case and definite articles (dem, der, den)

Dative indefinite and negative articles (einem, einer, keinem)

Dative personal pronouns (mir, dir, ihm, ihr...)

Dative verbs (helfen, danken, gefallen, schmecken)

Dative prepositions (aus, bei, mit, nach...)

Accusative prepositions (für, ohne, gegen)

Two-way prepositions for location (in, an, auf...)

Informal singular imperative (mach, komm)

Plural and formal imperative (macht, machen Sie)

Coordinating conjunctions (und, oder, aber, denn)

Simple past of sein and haben (war, hatte)

The perfect tense: regular verbs (gemacht, gespielt)

Past tense: irregular verbs (ge-...-en)

The perfect tense: mixed verbs (gebracht, gekannt)

The perfect tense with sein (ist gegangen)

The perfect tense: separable verbs (eingekauft)

The perfect tense: inseparable and -ieren verbs (besucht, studiert)

Informal singular commands (mach, lern)

Numbers 13 to 20 (dreizehn to zwanzig)

Counting by tens to 100 (dreißig, vierzig)

Telling time (Uhr, halb, Viertel, vor, nach)

Numbers 21 to 99 (einundzwanzig, zweiunddreißig)

Greetings and farewells

Thank you, sorry and good wishes

Everyday replies

Numbers 100 to 1,000,000 (hundert, tausend...)

Becoming and getting (werden)

The impersonal pronoun (man)

Indefinite pronouns (jemand, niemand...)

Time sequence prepositions (vor, nach, bei)

Time span prepositions (von... bis, seit, für)

Adverbs of sequence (zuerst, dann, danach)

Two-way prepositions for direction (in, auf, an...)

Directional adverbs (hin, her)

Placement verbs (setzen, stellen, legen)

Months of the year (Januar, Februar)

The four seasons (Frühling, Sommer)

Time prepositions and indefinite pronouns (an, in, um)

Ordinal numbers 1st to 19th (am ersten)

Ordinals 20th and beyond (-ste, -sten)

Placement vs. location verbs (stellen vs. stehen)

Accusative reflexive pronouns (mich, dich, sich)

Accusative reflexive verbs (sich freuen)

Dative reflexive pronouns (mir, dir, sich)

Dative reflexive verbs (sich etwas merken)

Ordinal numbers 11th to 19th (-te)

Temporal prepositions (an, in, um)

Double objects with nouns

Double objects with pronouns

The modal verb for advice (sollen)

Simple past of modal verbs (musste, wollte...)

Simple past of common irregulars (wurde, wusste, es gab)

Adverbial connectors of consequence (deshalb, darum...)

Subordinate clauses for statements (dass)

Question	Answer
the meteorologist	der Meteorologe
according to (often follows the noun)	zufolge
unusual	ungewöhnlich
According to the meteorologist, the weather will become unusual.	Dem Meteorologen zufolge wird das Wetter ungewöhnlich.
the global warming	die Erderwärmung
devastating	verheerend
According to the report, global warming is devastating.	Dem Bericht zufolge ist die Erderwärmung verheerend.
It is global warming that destroys the climate.	Es ist die Erderwärmung, die das Klima zerstört.
the sea level	der Meeresspiegel
to rise (prices, levels, amounts)	ansteigen
According to the study, the sea level will rise.	Der Studie zufolge wird der Meeresspiegel ansteigen.
the heatwave	die Hitzewelle
The meteorologist said that the heatwave is unusual.	Der Meteorologe sagte, dass die Hitzewelle ungewöhnlich sei.
the flood (inundation of land)	die Überschwemmung
According to the experts, the flood will be devastating.	Den Experten zufolge wird die Überschwemmung verheerend.
According to the meteorologist, the flood is devastating.	Dem Meteorologen zufolge ist die Überschwemmung verheerend.
It is the heatwave that causes the damage.	Es ist die Hitzewelle, die den Schaden verursacht.
The sea level will rise fast.	Der Meeresspiegel wird schnell ansteigen.
We urgently need to talk about the devastating heatwave.	Wir müssen dringend reden über die verheerende Hitzewelle.
the weather report	der Wetterbericht
the hurricane	der Orkan
According to the weather report, a hurricane is coming tomorrow.	Dem Wetterbericht zufolge kommt morgen ein Orkan.
the climate change	der Klimawandel
Climate change is causing a heatwave, according to the weather report.	Der Klimawandel verursacht dem Wetterbericht zufolge eine Hitzewelle.
According to an expert, the hurricane is devastating.	Einem Experten zufolge ist der Orkan verheerend.
According to a study, we must protect the environment in order to slow down climate change.	Einer Studie zufolge müssen wir die Umwelt schützen, um den Klimawandel zu bremsen.
According to the meteorologist, there are floods because of a hurricane.	Dem Meteorologen zufolge gibt es wegen eines Orkans Überschwemmungen.