When you want to say that an action will continue "until" a specific outcome is reached, use the conjunction jusqu'à ce que.
| until | jusqu'à ce que |
Because the outcome is anticipated but hasn't actually happened yet, jusqu'à ce que must always be followed by a verb in the subjunctive mood. (Note that que contracts to qu' before a vowel or mute h).
| He is going to shape the clay until it is perfect. | Il va modeler l'argile jusqu'à ce qu'elle soit parfaite. |
| Stay until the pottery hardens. | Reste jusqu'à ce que la poterie durcisse. |
| We are waiting until the ceramic hardens. | Nous attendons jusqu'à ce que la céramique durcisse. |
Whether you are waiting for a kiln to cool down (refroidisse) or clay to become supple (devienne), the rule remains the same:
| Leave the kiln closed until it cools down. | Laisse le four fermé jusqu'à ce qu'il refroidisse. |
| Add water until the clay becomes supple. | Ajoutez de l'eau jusqu'à ce que l'argile devienne souple. |
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