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### The Second Conditional

To imagine a hypothetical situation in the present or future, use the second conditional. In English, we say "If I *were* on Mars, I *would wear* a spacesuit."

In French, pair **si** (if) with the **imparfait** (imperfect tense) for the condition, and use the **conditionnel** (conditional tense) for the result:

**Si** + [Imparfait] ➔ [Conditionnel]

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### Elision with "Si"

The word **si** drops its **i** and uses an apostrophe before **il** or **ils** (**s'il**, **s'ils**). It does *not* change before **elle** or **elles** (**si elle**, **si elles**).

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The second conditional (si j'avais, je ferais)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular 'to be' and indefinite articles (je suis un...)

Singular definite articles (le, la, l')

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Question	Answer
the gravity	la gravité
to float	flotter
If the gravity were less strong, the astronaut would float.	Si la gravité était moins forte, l'astronaute flotterait.
the suit	la combinaison
the oxygen (m)	l'oxygène
If I were on Mars, I would wear the suit for the oxygen.	Si j'étais sur Mars, je porterais la combinaison pour l'oxygène.
the alien (m)	l'extraterrestre
unknown	inconnu
If you saw an alien, it would be an unknown animal.	Si tu voyais un extraterrestre, ce serait un animal inconnu.
the system	le système
solar	solaire
the galaxy	la galaxie
If they left the solar system, they would explore a new galaxy.	S'ils quittaient le système solaire, ils exploreraient une nouvelle galaxie.
the base	la base
If we had a base in the galaxy, we would live there.	Si nous avions une base dans la galaxie, nous y habiterions.
If the plants floated, they would need oxygen.	Si les plantes flottaient, elles auraient besoin d'oxygène.
If the alien visited our solar system, he would be surprised.	Si l'extraterrestre visitait notre système solaire, il serait surpris.
If the new base were unknown, we would hide the suits there.	Si la nouvelle base était inconnue, nous y cacherions les combinaisons.
If there were no gravity, everything would float.	S'il n'y avait pas de gravité, tout flotterait.
If you found an unknown base in the solar system, what would you do?	Si tu trouvais une base inconnue dans le système solaire, que ferais-tu ?
If an alien breathed oxygen, he would be like us.	Si un extraterrestre respirait de l'oxygène, il serait comme nous.