Generalizations with c'est
Normally, adjectives in French agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. However, to make a broad generalization about a material, category, or concept, use c'est followed by a masculine singular adjective.
The adjective stays masculine singular even if the noun you are generalizing is feminine or plural.
| Granite is very compact. | Le granit, c'est très compact. |
| In general, rock is rough. | En général, la roche, c'est rugueux. |
Notice that la roche is feminine, but the adjective rugueux stays masculine.
| Limestone is porous and light. | Le calcaire, c'est poreux et léger. |
| Stone is often sharp. | La pierre, c'est souvent tranchant. |
Specific Descriptions vs. Generalizations
To describe a specific object rather than making a generalization, use être and make the adjective agree with the noun as usual.
| The erosion is fast because the rock is porous. | L'érosion est rapide parce que la roche est poreuse. |
| This crystal is opaque and compact, I know it. | Ce cristal est opaque et compact, je le sais. |
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