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### Emphasizing the Subject (C'est ... qui)

To highlight the person or thing performing an action, use the structure **c'est ... qui** (it is ... who/that). Here, **qui** acts as the subject of the verb that follows it.

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### Emphasizing the Object (C'est ... que)

To highlight the person or thing receiving the action, use **c'est ... que** (it is ... that). Use this when the following part of the sentence already has a different subject. Remember that **que** becomes **qu'** before a vowel.

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### Discussing Competitions

You can use these structures to add emphasis when talking about tournaments (**le tournoi**) and sports competitions (**la compétition**).

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Emphasis (c'est... qui / c'est... que)

adjective

adverb

conjunction

contraction

determiner

interjection

noun

numeral

particle

phrase

prep

preposition

pronoun

sentence

verb

Singular 'to be' and indefinite articles (je suis un...)

Singular definite articles (le, la, l')

Identifying vs. describing (c'est vs. il est)

Feminine adjective agreement (+e)

Plural pronouns and 'to be' (nous sommes, vous êtes)

Formal and informal you (tu vs. vous)

Plural nouns and indefinite articles (des... -s)

Plural definite articles (les)

Plural adjective agreement (+s)

Stressed pronouns (moi, toi, lui)

The verb "to have" singular (j'ai, tu as, il a)

The verb "to have" plural (nous avons, vous avez, ils ont)

There is / there are (il y a)

Basic verbal negation (ne... pas)

Negating "there is" (il n'y a pas de)

Regular -er verbs singular (je parle, tu parles, il parle)

Regular -er verbs plural (nous parlons, vous parlez, ils parlent)

The verb "to be called" (s'appeler)

Yes/no questions with intonation (Tu parles ?)

Yes/no questions with "Est-ce que" (Est-ce que tu parles ?)

Informal questions (qui, que, quoi)

Standard questions (est-ce que)

Singular possessives (mon, ton, son)

Plural possessives (notre, votre, leur)

Demonstrative adjectives (ce, cet, cette, ces)

Adjective placement

Numbers 1 to 20

Numbers 21 to 100

Age and physical states (avoir)

The verb to go (aller)

The preposition to/at (à, au, aux)

Question word for location (où)

Prepositions for cities and countries (à, en, au, aux)

The verb to come (venir)

The preposition from/of (de, du, des)

Question word for origin (d'où)

The verb to do/make (faire)

Days of the week (lundi, mardi)

Telling time (il est... heure)

Question words for time (quand, à quelle heure)

The verb to take or have (prendre)

The verb to drink (boire)

Partitive articles (du, de la, de l')

Zero quantity (pas de)

Expressions of quantity (un peu de, beaucoup de)

Asking how much or how many (combien, combien de)

Very vs. a lot (très, beaucoup)

The verb to want (vouloir)

Polite requests (je voudrais)

The verb to be able to (pouvoir)

Obligation (devoir)

General obligation (il faut)

Why and because (pourquoi, parce que)

Expressing purpose (pour)

Reflexive pronouns (me, te, se, nous, vous)

Daily routine verbs (se lever, s'habiller)

Adverbs of frequency (parfois, rarement)

Never (ne... jamais)

Regular -ir verbs (choisir, finir)

Regular -re verbs (attendre, répondre)

Irregular -ir verbs (sortir, partir, dormir)

Informal 'we' (on)

The imperative mood

Direct object pronouns (le, la, les, l')

The near future (aller + infinitive)

The recent past (venir de + infinitive)

The passé composé with avoir

Irregular past participles (eu, été, fait, pris, vu)

The passé composé with être

The negative passé composé (ne ... pas)

Saying goodbye

Please, sorry and thank you

Which / what (quel)

The indefinite adjective (tout, tous)

Irregular feminine adjectives (-euse, -ve)

Double consonant adjectives (-enne, -ette)

Feminine adjective endings (-ère, -trice)

Irregular plurals (-x)

Plurals ending in -al (-aux)

Present tense stem changes (e to è)

Accent stem changes (é to è)

Double consonant verbs (appeler, jeter)

Verbs ending in -yer (payer, envoyer)

Irregular communication verbs (dire, lire)

Irregular action verbs (écrire, mettre)

Question	Answer
to deserve	mériter
the victory	la victoire
It is this team that deserves the victory.	C'est cette équipe qui mérite la victoire.
the champion	le champion
to beat	battre
It is the champion who beat my brother.	C'est le champion qui a battu mon frère.
the championship	le championnat
It is my team that won the championship.	C'est mon équipe qui a gagné le championnat.
the record	le record
It is this player who holds the record.	C'est ce joueur qui a le record.
the opponent	l'adversaire
the cup (trophy, championship)	la coupe
It is our opponent who won the cup.	C'est notre adversaire qui a gagné la coupe.
It is the victory that we want.	C'est la victoire que nous voulons.
It is this opponent that I can beat.	C'est cet adversaire que je peux battre.
It is this record that she wants to beat.	C'est ce record qu'elle veut battre.
It is the cup that the team wants to win today.	C'est la coupe que l'équipe veut gagner aujourd'hui.
It is this match that we have to win.	C'est ce match que nous devons gagner.
It is this cup that they want to keep.	C'est cette coupe qu'ils veulent garder.
It is this champion that you must beat.	C'est ce champion que tu dois battre.
the competition (sports, tournament)	la compétition
It is the champion who deserves this championship and the competition.	C'est le champion qui mérite ce championnat et la compétition.
the tournament	le tournoi
It is the tournament that our team is organizing for this competition.	C'est le tournoi que notre équipe organise pour cette compétition.
It is this tennis tournament that you are watching.	C'est ce tournoi de tennis que tu regardes.