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Questions & Answers about Hyvää päivää, lääkäri!
Why do hyvää and päivää both end in an extra -ä?
They are in the partitive case. In Finnish, greetings are usually in the partitive because they are shortened versions of phrases like 'I wish you a good day'. Both the adjective (hyvä) and the noun (päivä) need to match, so they both get the partitive ending -ä.
Why doesn't lääkäri also get a partitive ending?
Because you are directly addressing the person. When you call someone by their name, title, or profession to get their attention, you just use the basic dictionary form (the nominative case).
If I just say Hyvä päivä, will it mean the same thing?
Not exactly. If you say Hyvä päivä, it means 'It is a good day' as a statement of fact. To use it as a greeting, you must use the partitive form Hyvää päivää.
Why do the endings use -ä instead of -a?
This is because of vowel harmony. Both hyvä and päivä contain front vowels (y and ä). In Finnish, words with front vowels must take endings with front vowels, so they take -ä instead of -a.