Breakdown of هل دعوتم جيرانكم؟
هلhal
is / are (question marker)
جارjâr
neighbor
كمkum
your (pl.) / you (pl., object)
دعاda'â
to invite
Questions & Answers about هل دعوتم جيرانكم؟
Why does the verb دعوتم (da'awtum) have a و (waw) in it when the dictionary form is دعا (da'a)?
The verb دعا (to invite) is a 'weak verb' because its root ends in a vowel. The final alif (ا) is actually a changed و (waw). When you attach a past tense suffix starting with a consonant, like ـتُم (-tum) for 'you all', that original و reappears.
Where is the word 'did' in this Arabic sentence?
Arabic doesn't use helper verbs like 'do' or 'did' for questions. Instead, it uses the question word هل (hal) at the beginning to signal a yes/no question. The past tense meaning comes entirely from the fact that the main verb دعوتم (da'awtum) is in the past tense.
Is the word for 'neighbors' (جيران) a regular plural?
No, it is a 'broken plural'. The singular word for 'neighbor' is جار (jār). Instead of adding a regular plural suffix at the end, the word changes its internal structure to become جيران (jīrān). Then the possessive suffix ـكم (-kum) is added to mean 'your'.
Could I use this exact sentence to ask a group of women?
No, this sentence uses masculine plural suffixes. Both the verb ending ـتُم (-tum) and the possessive pronoun ـكُم (-kum) are used for a group of men, or a mixed group of men and women. If you were speaking only to women, you would use the feminine plural suffixes: هل دعوتُنَّ جيرانكُنَّ؟ (hal da'awtunna jīrānakunna?).