The Conjunction بما أن
To express "since" or "given that", use بما أن. Like other conjunctions ending in أن, it must be followed immediately by a noun or an attached pronoun—never a verb.
| Since the caravan is large, we need all the camels. | بما أن القافلة كبيرة، نحتاج إلى كل الجمال.bimâ anna al-qâfilata kabîratun, naĥtâju ilâ kulli al-jimâli. |
| Since the thirst was severe, the oasis was a safe refuge. | بما أن العطش شديد، كانت الواحة ملاذا آمنا.bimâ anna-l-'atasha shadîdun, kânati-l-wâhatu malâdhan âminan |
Attaching Pronouns
If the subject of the clause is a pronoun, attach it directly to بما أن as a suffix. For example, add نا ("we") to make بما أننا, or ـه ("he/it") to make بما أنه:
| Since we are in this barren valley, we must save some provisions. | بما أننا في هذا الوادي القاحل، يجب أن نحفظ بعض المؤونة.bimâ annanâ fî hâdhâ al-wâdî al-qâhili, yajibu an nahfadha ba'dha al-mu'ûnati. |
| Since it is just a mirage, we will feel some thirst again. | بما أنه مجرد سراب، سنشعر ببعض العطش مجددا.bimâ annahu mujarradu sarâbin, sanashuru bibadi al-atashi mujaddadan |
Placement
بما أن usually appears at the beginning of a sentence to establish a premise, but it can also be placed in the middle to explain the preceding action:
| The travelers pitched the tent since the oasis is near. | نصب المسافرون الخيمة بما أن الواحة قريبة.nasaba al-musâfirûna al-khaymata bimâ anna al-wâhata qarîbah |
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