Conjunctiv Present: Formation

The present conjunctiv looks intimidating until you see the pattern, at which point it becomes one of the tidiest corners of Romanian grammar. The rule is short: the conjunctiv present is identical to the present indicative in every person except the third — and the 3rd-person form (which covers both singular and plural) is built by flipping the theme vowel. Master that flip and you can form the conjunctiv of almost any verb on sight.

This page works through the flip class by class. Throughout, remember that the marker sits in front of every form, and that the 3rd singular and 3rd plural are always identical to each other.

The core rule: flip the theme vowel

Romanian present-tense 3rd-person verbs end in a theme vowel — either or -e. The conjunctiv 3rd person flips it:

  • Verbs whose indicative 3rd person ends in → conjunctiv ends in -e.
  • Verbs whose indicative 3rd person ends in -e → conjunctiv ends in (often with a stem change to -ea- or similar).

That is the whole engine. Class I verbs (the -a infinitives) overwhelmingly end in and so flip to -e. Every other class ends in -e and flips to . Let's verify it class by class.

💡
One sentence to memorize: Class I flips -ă to -e; all other classes flip -e to -ă. This single rule generates the regular 3rd-person conjunctiv for the vast majority of Romanian verbs.

Class I: -a verbs (cântă → cânte)

Class I verbs have infinitives in -a (a cânta, to sing). Their indicative 3rd person ends in , so the conjunctiv flips it to -e.

PersonIndicativeConjunctiv
eucântsă cânt
tucânțisă cânți
el / eacântăsă cânte
noicântămsă cântăm
voicântațisă cântați
ei / elecântăsă cânte

Vrea să cânte la nuntă.

She wants to sing at the wedding.

A subgroup of Class I uses the -ez infix (a lucra → lucrează). The infix stays, but the vowel still flips from to -e: el lucrează → să lucreze.

Trebuie să lucreze până târziu astăzi.

He has to work late today.

E greu să dansezi în pantofii ăștia.

It's hard to dance in these shoes.

Class IV: -i / -î verbs and the -esc infix (citește → citească)

Class IV verbs have infinitives in -i (a citi) or (a coborî). Many take the -esc/-ăsc infix in the present (citesc, citește). Their indicative 3rd person ends in -e (citește) or (coboară), and the conjunctiv flips to with the infix surfacing as -ească/-ască.

PersonIndicativeConjunctiv
eucitescsă citesc
tuciteștisă citești
el / eaciteștesă citească
noicitimsă citim
voicitițisă citiți
ei / elecitescsă citească

Profesoara vrea ca toți copiii să citească cu voce tare.

The teacher wants all the children to read aloud.

Trebuie să vorbească mai rar ca să-l înțeleg.

He has to speak more slowly so I understand him.

A non-infix Class IV verb like a dormi still flips its -e to : el doarme → să doarmă.

Vreau să doarmă bebelușul înainte de prânz.

I want the baby to sleep before noon.

Classes II and III: -ea and -e verbs (vede → vadă, merge → meargă)

Class II (a vedea, infinitive in -ea) and Class III (a merge, infinitive in -e) both have indicative 3rd persons in -e, which flip to . These often involve a stem vowel change as well (the stem diphthongizes to -ea- or the vowel shifts):

VerbIndicative (el)Conjunctiv (să)
a vedea (to see)vedesă vadă
a merge (to go)mergesă meargă
a face (to do/make)facesă facă
a scrie (to write)scriesă scrie
a spune (to say)spunesă spună
a cere (to ask for)ceresă ceară

Vreau să văd ce se întâmplă. Nu pot să fac nimic de aici.

I want to see what's happening. I can't do anything from here.

Trebuie să meargă la medic, tușește de o săptămână.

He has to go to the doctor, he's been coughing for a week.

Nu uita să-i spui și ei!

Don't forget to tell her too!

Notice a scrie → să scrie: here the indicative 3rd person already ends in -e and stays -e, because the stem ends in -i-. This is a small spelling-driven wrinkle, not a break in the rule — the form simply can't take after -i- here.

A consolidated table

ClassInfinitiveIndicative (el)Conjunctiv (să el/ei)Flip
Ia cântacântăsă cânte-ă → -e
I (-ez)a lucralucreazăsă lucreze-ă → -e
IIa vedeavedesă vadă-e → -ă
IIIa mergemergesă meargă-e → -ă
IIIa facefacesă facă-e → -ă
IV (-esc)a citiciteștesă citească-e → -ă
IVa dormidoarmesă doarmă-e → -ă
💡
If you ever blank on the conjunctiv, take the indicative el form and swap its final vowel: becomes -e (Class I), and -e becomes (everything else). Then put in front. That gets you the correct form for nearly every regular verb.

A word on the honest difficulty

The flip rule is reliable, but the stem changes that accompany it in Classes II–IV (merge → meargă, vede → vadă, cere → ceară) are not always predictable from spelling alone — you sometimes have to know whether the stem diphthongizes. There is no shortcut for every verb; the most frequent ones (a fi, a avea, a da, a sta, a ști, a lua, a bea) are genuinely irregular and must be memorized separately — see the irregular conjunctiv page. But the ending is always predictable, and that is the part the flip rule guarantees.

Common Mistakes

❌ El vrea să merge cu noi.

Incorrect — leaving the indicative merge instead of flipping to meargă.

✅ El vrea să meargă cu noi.

He wants to go with us.

❌ Trebuie să citește lecția.

Incorrect — Class IV flips to -ă: citească, not citește.

✅ Trebuie să citească lecția.

He has to read the lesson.

❌ E bine să cântă mai des.

Incorrect — Class I flips -ă to -e: cânte, not cântă.

✅ E bine să cânte mai des.

It's good for her to sing more often.

❌ Vreau să facă eu prăjitura.

Incorrect — wrong person; for 'I' use the 1st-person form, which equals the indicative.

✅ Vreau să fac eu prăjitura.

I want to make the cake myself.

❌ Vrea să veadă filmul.

Incorrect — the stem flips to vadă, not *veadă.

✅ Vrea să vadă filmul.

She wants to see the film.

Key Takeaways

  • The conjunctiv present equals the indicative present in all persons except the 3rd (singular = plural).
  • The 3rd-person ending follows one rule: Class I flips -ă → -e; all other classes flip -e → -ă.
  • The -ez and -esc infixes stay; only the final vowel flips (lucrează → lucreze, citește → citească).
  • Classes II–IV often add a stem-vowel change (merge → meargă); the ending is predictable, the stem sometimes is not.
  • The truly irregular high-frequency verbs are covered separately and must be memorized.

Now practice Romanian

Reading grammar gets you part of the way. The exercises are where it sticks — free, no signup needed.

Start learning Romanian

Related Topics

  • The Conjunctiv (să-Subjunctive): OverviewA2An introduction to Romanian's most important feature — the să + verb construction that replaces the infinitive after want, can, and must.
  • Irregular Conjunctiv: să fie, să aibă, să dea, să steaB1The handful of irregular 3rd-person conjunctiv forms — fie, aibă, dea, stea, știe, ia, bea, vrea — that you must memorize because they are the most frequent verbs in the language.
  • Forming the Conjunctiv: Drill Across ClassesA2A hands-on drill for building the present conjunctiv: add să, keep the indicative forms, and change ONLY the 3rd person (să cânte, să vândă, să meargă, plus the irregulars să fie / aibă / dea / stea / ia / bea / vrea). Worked, build-it-yourself examples across all conjugation classes — the practice companion to the formation rule page.
  • The Four Conjugation ClassesA2How Romanian sorts verbs into four classes by infinitive ending, why class membership predicts the present tense, and the all-important -esc/-ăsc sub-pattern of class IV.
  • The -esc / -ăsc Infix (Class IV)A2The productive -esc/-ăsc infix that appears in most Class IV verbs — where it sits in the paradigm, why it drops in 'we' and 'you-plural', and why you should expect it by default.