Liaison 연음화 (Preview)

Of all the Korean sound rules, liaison (연음화) is the one you meet most — it fires in nearly every sentence, and it is the first rule worth recognizing by name. This is a short orientation, not the full treatment (that lives in the Pronunciation group). The goal here is one durable insight: liaison is how a word reveals its hidden final consonant, so the form with a particle attached teaches you more about a noun than its dictionary form ever will.

The core move, and the twist that makes it useful

The mechanical half of liaison you have already met on the resyllabification page: a batchim slides forward to onset a following vowel. The half that matters here is what that sliding restores. Before silence, many consonants neutralize — 꽃 ("flower"), which really ends in ㅊ, is pronounced [꼳] all by itself, its ㅊ flattened to a plain [t]. But attach a vowel and the true consonant leaps back to life:

이 꽃이 향기가 정말 좋아요.

i kkochi hyanggiga jeongmal joayo

This flower smells really lovely.

꽃이 is [꼬치] — the hidden ㅊ resurfaces, sharp and clear. The bare word [꼳] gave no hint of it; the particle form does.

생일이라 꽃을 한 다발 샀어요.

saengiria kkocheul han dabal sasseoyo

It's a birthday, so I bought a bouquet of flowers.

꽃을 → [꼬츨], again with the ㅊ restored. This is the payoff: you learn a noun's real ending from its particle-attached form, not from its citation form. The dictionary shape 꽃 hides the ㅊ; 꽃이 and 꽃을 hand it to you.

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Want to know a noun's true final consonant? Say it with a particle. 낮 sounds like [낟] alone, but 낮에 is [나제] (the ㅈ is back); 밑 sounds like [믿], but 밑에 is [미테] (the ㅌ is back); 부엌 sounds like [부억], but 부엌에 is [부어케] (the ㅋ is back). The vowel is a flashlight that finds the hidden consonant.

A few more, so the pattern sticks:

낮에 시간 괜찮으면 잠깐 봐요.

naje sigan gwaenchaneumyeon jamkkan bwayo

If you're free during the day, let's meet up for a bit.

책상 밑에 뭔가 떨어져 있어요.

chaeksang mite mwonga tteoreojeo isseoyo

There's something fallen under the desk.

부엌에서 맛있는 냄새가 나요.

bueokeseo masinneun naemsaega nayo

A delicious smell is coming from the kitchen.

낮에 → [나제], 밑에 → [미테], 부엌에서 → [부어케서]. In every case the particle's vowel restores the consonant that neutralization had hidden.

Cluster batchim hand over their hidden member too

The same restoration works on the two-letter clusters from the double-batchim page. Before a consonant only one member of a cluster is heard, but a following vowel releases the other one:

닭을 푹 삶아서 국을 끓였어요.

dalgeul puk salmaseo gugeul kkeuryeosseoyo

I simmered the chicken thoroughly and made a soup.

닭을 → [달글] (the hidden ㄱ links over), and 삶아서 → [살마서] (the hidden ㅁ of ㄻ links over). The reservoir empties into the vowel.

이 가방은 값이 꽤 나가요.

i gabangeun gapsi kkwae nagayo

This bag costs quite a lot.

값이 → [갑씨]: the ㅂ stays as the coda of 갑, the hidden ㅅ links onward and tenses. So even a word you can only half-hear in isolation gives up its full spelling the moment a particle arrives.

The one exception to flag: ㅎ drops

There is a single wrinkle worth previewing now so it doesn't surprise you: an ㅎ batchim does not link — it disappears before a vowel. Unlike every other consonant, ㅎ has no solid sound to carry over, so it simply drops out and the syllables run together.

저도 그 노래 정말 좋아요.

jeodo geu norae jeongmal joayo

I really like that song too.

가방을 선반 위에 놓을게요.

gabangeul seonban wie noeulgeyo

I'll put the bag up on the shelf.

좋아요 → [조아요], not "[조하요]"; 놓을게요 → [노을게요]. The ㅎ vanishes rather than linking. This ㅎ-before-vowel behavior has its own dedicated page — see ㅎ batchim before a vowel.

Why English speakers block it — and shouldn't

English speakers instinctively honor the written word boundary: they say the noun, insert a tiny glottal catch, then say the particle. That catch is exactly what stops liaison from happening, and it is the giveaway of a non-native reader. Korean wants the batchim to glide straight into the vowel with no seam at all.

새로 산 옷을 입고 나갔어요.

saero san oseul ipgo nagasseoyo

I put on the clothes I just bought and went out.

옷을 is one smooth [오슬] — not "ot … eul" with a pause and a neutralized [t]. Glide the ㅅ into the 을 and both the linking and the restoration happen for free.

This preview only scratches the surface: the complete rule, its behavior across word boundaries, and the way nasalization and tensification can alter or block it are all in Pronunciation → Liaison.

Common Mistakes

1. Carrying the neutralized sound into the linked form. The classic error: 꽃 is [꼳], so learners say "[꼳이]" instead of restoring the ㅊ.

❌ 꽃이

Wrong — 'kkot-i,' keeping the neutralized [t].

✅ 꽃이

kkochi

Correct — the real ㅊ comes back: [꼬치].

2. Pausing at the written word boundary. A glottal catch before the particle blocks the glide. 옷을 is seamless [오슬].

❌ 옷을

Wrong — 'ot … eul' with a catch and a neutralized [t].

✅ 옷을

oseul

Correct — one glide, ㅅ restored: [오슬].

3. Making ㅎ link like a normal consonant. ㅎ drops before a vowel; it does not slide over as an [h].

❌ 좋아요

Wrong — 'jo-ha-yo,' pronouncing an [h] that isn't there.

✅ 좋아요

joayo

Correct — the ㅎ drops: [조아요].

4. Learning a noun's ending only from its bare form. If you memorize 꽃 as "[꼳]," you'll mis-store it as ending in [t] and mispronounce every inflected form. Learn it from 꽃이 [꼬치] and you know the ㅊ is really there.

Key Takeaways

  • Liaison relinks a batchim onto a following vowel and restores the true consonant that neutralization had hidden: 꽃 [꼳] → 꽃이 [꼬치], 낮 [낟] → 낮에 [나제], 부엌 [부억] → 부엌에 [부어케].
  • Because particles always begin with a vowel, the particle-attached form reveals a noun's real final consonant. Learn endings from that form.
  • Cluster batchim link their hidden member too: 닭을 [달글], 값이 [갑씨], 삶아서 [살마서].
  • The one twist: ㅎ drops before a vowel — 좋아요 [조아요], 놓을게요 [노을게요] — it doesn't link.
  • This is only the teaser; the full rule with all exceptions and cross-word behavior is in Pronunciation → Liaison.

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Related Topics

  • Resyllabification 연음: When Batchim Slides OverTOPIK 1The single most important reading rule after learning blocks: a final consonant slides over to fill the empty onset of a following vowel, so the syllable boundaries you see on the page are not the ones you say — 한국어 is spoken [한구거], never 'han-guk-eo'.
  • Why Spelling ≠ Pronunciation (Morphophonemic Hangul)TOPIK 1Korean spelling keeps each word-part in one constant shape and lets a small set of sound rules derive the pronunciation — so 값 is always written 값 even though it is said [갑], [갑씨], and [감] in different words. This page explains why, so the sound changes feel principled instead of arbitrary.
  • The Seven Representative Sounds 대표음, MappedTOPIK 1The exact neutralization map: which of the 27 batchim spellings collapse to each of the seven representative sounds [k n t l m p ŋ] in isolation — organized by place of articulation, so you group by where the sound is made instead of memorizing a random list.
  • Liaison 연음: Batchim Moves to the Next SyllableTOPIK 1The highest-frequency Korean sound rule: when a syllable ends in a batchim and the next begins with a vowel (the silent ㅇ), the final consonant slides forward to become that syllable's onset. Spelling keeps morpheme boundaries visible, but speech relinks right across them — so you glide, never pause, and a neutralized final is restored to its true value when it links.
  • ㅎ Before a Vowel: The ㅎ DropsTOPIK 1The exception to liaison: unlike every other batchim, a final ㅎ does not link into a following vowel — it disappears, and the syllables simply run together. This is obligatory in ㅎ / ㄶ / ㅀ stems (좋아요 → [조아요], 많이 → [마니], 싫어요 → [시러요]) and it is why ㅎ-final adjectives look irregular though they are perfectly regular.