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<p> In these series of lessons, we are going to see how Turkish constructs conditional sentences, and how it combines with other tense suffixes. Buckle up for
	a bumpy ride, it is going to be a long one.
</p>
<p> As you have seen, there is the wish and conditional suffix <strong>-sE</strong>, and the conditional copula <strong>-(y)sE</strong>. The suffix is 
	directly attached to the verb before any other suffixes. If any other suffix is already attached to the verb, we use the copula. A little example:</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>yap-<strong>sa</strong></td>
            <td>If he/she/it does</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
			<td>yap-<em>tı</em>-<strong>ysa</strong></td>
            <td>If he/she/it did</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p> In the second row, the italicized past tense suffix is followed by the conditional copula, while the first verb has no other suffix so it gets the wish and conditional suffix.
</p>
<p>To turn nouns into predicates, we always use the copula:</p>
<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td>kedi-<strong>yse</strong></td>
            <td>If he/she/it is a cat</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
			<td>araba-<strong>ysa</strong></td>
            <td>If he/she/it is a car</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p> The main difference between wish and conditional suffix and conditional copula is that the first can and usually does stand alone. It is almost always supported
	with <em>keşke</em> to reinforce the meaning of a wish. The latter however always requires another clause. If you see a verb with conditional copula in it,
	you can be sure that there are two clauses in that sentence. Example:</p>
<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
			<td><strong>Keşke</strong> eve git<strong>se</strong>k.</td>
            <td>I wish we went home.</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
			<td>Babam eve gitti-<strong>yse</strong>, yemek yemiştir.</td>
            <td>If my father went home, he has (probably) eaten. </td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>
<p> For now, you should use <strong>-sE</strong> only when making a wish, and be sure to include <em>keşke</em> somewhere in the sentence.</p>
<p> Since conditional copula comes after another suffix, there are a plethora of versions, including but not limited to: yap-acak<strong>-sa</strong>, yap-ıyor-<strong>sa</strong>,
	yap-ar<strong>-sa</strong>, yap-tı<strong>-ysa</strong>, yap-mış<strong>-sa</strong> etc.</p>
<p> The most common way to make conditional sentences is to combine aorist and the conditional copula: -(E)r + -(y)sE. You will learn about this in the next lesson.</p>

How to make conditional sentences

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Question	Answer
I wish we went home.	Keşke eve gitsek.
I wish I died.	Ölsem keşke.
If it is a cat	kediyse
If it's a car	arabaysa
I wish my girlfriend didn't yell at me.	Kızarkadaşım bana keşke bağırmasa.
If Kamil is a stupid man	Kamil aptal bir adamsa
lottery	piyango
to win the lottery	piyangoyu kazanmak
I wish I won the lottery	Keşke piyangoyu kazansam.
I wish I made more money.	Keşke daha fazla para kazansam.
If you are successful	başarılıysan
If we are fast	hızlıysak

Turkish 175 - How to make conditional sentences

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