Chinese, Mandarin

Spanish

English

Hindi

Arabic

Portuguese

Bengali

Russian

Japanese

Punjabi

German

Javanese

Malay

Telugu

Vietnamese

Korean

French

Marathi

Tamil

Urdu

Turkish

Italian

Chinese, Yue / Cantonese

Thai

Gujarati

Chinese, Jin

Chinese, Min Nan

Persian, Dari

Persian, Western

Polish

Pashto

Kannada

Chinese, Xiang

Malayalam

Sundanese

Hausa

Odia

Burmese

Chinese, Hakka

Ukrainian

Bihari, Bhojpuri

Tagalog

Yoruba

Bihari, Maithili

Uzbek

Sindhi

Amharic

Fula

Romanian

Oromo

Igbo

Azerbaijani

Chinese, Gan

Dutch

Kurdish, Central

Kurdish, Northern

Kurdish, Southern

Malagasy

Lahnda, Saraiki

Nepali

Sinhalese

Chittagonian

Zhuang

Khmer

Turkmen

Assamese

Madurese

Somali

Marwari

Bihari, Magahi

Haryanvi

Hungarian

Chhattisgarhi

Greek, Modern

Chewa

Dakhini

Akan, Twi

Akan, Fante

Kazakh

Chinese, Min Bei

Sylheti

Zulu

Czech

Kinyarwanda

Marwari, Dhundhari

Haitian Creole

Chinese, Min Dong

Ilocano

Quechua

Kirundi

Swedish

Hmong

Shona

Uyghur

Hiligaynon

Mossi

Xhosa

Belarusian

Balochi

<p>
	In an earlier lesson we've already learned that in the plain form,
	we can drop <strong>です</strong> after <strong>い-adjectives</strong>,
	and that we can change <strong>です</strong> into <strong>だ</strong> after nouns and <strong>な-adjectives</strong>.
</p>

<p>
	In casual conversation with people we know well,
	we can even drop the <strong>だ</strong> after nouns and <strong>な-adjectives</strong>.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr data-item="219530"></tr>
		<tr data-item="219533"></tr>
		<tr data-item="219538"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	In the last sentence above,
	it would be grammatically wrong to use to use <strong>だ</strong> in front of the question particle <strong>か</strong>.
	Though <strong>です</strong> is frequently used in front of the question particle,
	it is mandatory to drop <strong>だ</strong> when using the question particle.
</p>

<p>
	Be careful with using <strong>か</strong> without using the copula <strong>です</strong>,
	because in the wrong situation, it can easily sound excessively harsh or rude.
</p>

<p>
	In casual speech with close friends or people lower in status, it's possible to use the plain form in invitations.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr data-item="253132"></tr>
		<tr data-item="253134"></tr>
		<tr data-item="253135"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

<p>
	As you can see in the last sentence, invitations can be made even more informal by dropping the <strong>か</strong>.
	And while we're at it, why not drop the object particle after <strong>ビール</strong> as well?
</p>

<p>
	In casual speech in general, we can drop the particle <strong>か</strong> in question sentences,
	and instead use a rising intonation at the end of the sentence.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
    <tbody>
        <tr data-item="219534"></tr>
		<tr data-item="219539"></tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

Casual conversation

hiragana character

kanji

adnominal

adverb

auxiliary

conjunction

compound

i-adjective

interjection

noun

na-adjective

numeral

particle

case particle

conjunctive particle

discourse particle

prefix

pronoun

suffix

verb

sentence

hiragana writing

kanji writing

kanji component

reading vocabulary

katakana writing

katakana character

godan - group 1

itidan - group 2

group 3

transitive

intransitive

proper noun

discourse

phrase

expression

adjectival noun

adverbial phrase

adjectival phrase

The verb to be

Hiragana 1

Kanji 1

Writing hiragana 1

Writing kanji 1

Hiragana 2

Kanji 2

The question particle か

Writing hiragana 2

This one and that one

Writing kanji 2

Reading exercise 1

Reading exercise 2

Hiragana 3

Negating nouns

Writing hiragana 3

The topic particle は

Kanji 3

The possession particle の

い-adjectives and な-adjectives

The subject particle が

Here and there

There is, there are

Writing kanji 3

Kanji 4

Group 1 verbs, direct and indirect objects

Group 2 verbs

Hiragana 4

Verbs in the past tense

Negating verbs

Invitations and the particle と

Negating past verbs

Writing hiragana 4

Reading exercise 3

Writing kanji 4

Reading exercise 4

Kanji 5

Nouns and the past tense

This and that

The group 3 verbs する and 来る

The discourse particles ね and よ

The location particles に and で

Hiragana 5

Writing hiragana 5

Writing kanji 5

The destination particles に and へ

Kanji 6

The origin particle から

Hiragana 6

Relative positions

Conjugating い-adjectives

Writing hiragana 6

Writing kanji 6

Hiragana 7

Writing hiragana 7

Kanji 7

Conjugating な-adjectives

How are you?

The particle も

The word ちょっと

Reading exercise 7

Question	Answer
useful, convenient	便べん利りなbenrina
mobile phone	携けい帯たい電でん話わkeitaidenwa
Mobile phones are convenient.	携けい帯たい電でん話わ　は　便べん利り。keitaidenwa wa benri. From Wikipedia
goal	ゴールgooru
(It's a) goal!	ゴール！gooru!
safe; alright, okay	大だい丈じょう夫ぶdaijoubu
That's alright.	大だい丈じょう夫ぶ　だ。daijoubu da.
It's alright.	大だい丈じょう夫ぶ。daijoubu.
(Are) you alright?	大だい丈じょう夫ぶ　か。daijoubu ka.
What's this?	これ　は　何なに？kore wa nani?
Are you alright?	大だい丈じょう夫ぶ？daijoubu?
district in Tokyo that's famous for it's park	上うえ野のueno
Ueno Park	上うえ野の　公こう園えんueno kouen
Why not go to Ueno Park?	上うえ野の　公こう園えん　に　行いかない　か。ueno kouen ni ikanai ka.
snack	おやつoyatsu
Why not eat some snacks?	おやつ　を　食たべない　か。oyatsu o tabenai ka.
Why not drink (some) beer?	ビール、　飲のまない？biiru, nomanai?

Japanese 228 - Casual conversation

Contributors