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<p>The <strong>present continuous</strong> is used to describe an action that is currently going on. To form the present continuous of a verb, do the following:</p>

<ol>
	<li>Find the stem by dropping <strong>mEk</strong> from the end of the verb.</li>
	<li>If the last letter of the stem is a vowel, drop it.</li>
	<li>Add the ending for the present continuous, depending on the person who is performing the action.</li>
</ol>

<table class="ui celled definition table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th></th>
			<th>Singular</th>
			<th>Plural</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>First person</td>
			<td>İyorum</td>
			<td>İyoruz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Second person</td>
			<td>İyorsun</td>
			<td>İyorsunuz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Third person</td>
			<td>İyor</td>
			<td>İyor(lar)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	The <strong>lar</strong> ending is optional for animate beings and is not used for objects.
	The <strong>lar</strong> ending is most often used when the subjects are humans.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>The books are falling.</td>
			<td>Kitaplar düşüyor.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The cats are falling.</td>
			<td>Kediler düşüyor(lar).</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The children are falling.</td>
			<td>Çocuklar düşüyor(lar).</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	See the table below for a reminder of how to replace <strong>İ</strong> according to major vowel harmony.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>If the last vowel after step 2 is</td>
			<td><strong>i</strong> or <strong>e</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ı</strong> or <strong>a</strong></td>
			<td><strong>u</strong> or <strong>o</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ü</strong> or <strong>ö</strong></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>replace İ by</td>
			<td><strong>i</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ı</strong></td>
			<td><strong>u</strong></td>
			<td><strong>ü</strong></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	Below are some examples for creating the present continuous:
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Infinitive</th>
			<th>Stem</th>
			<th>Drop trailing vowel</th>
			<th>Personal ending</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>I am walking.</td>
			<td>yürümek</td>
			<td>yürü</td>
			<td>yür</td>
			<td>Yürüyorum.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>You are drinking.</td>
			<td>içmek</td>
			<td>iç</td>
			<td>iç</td>
			<td>İçiyorsun.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>She is saying.</td>
			<td>söylemek</td>
			<td>söyle</td>
			<td>söyl</td>
			<td>Söylüyor.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>We are selling.</td>
			<td>satmak</td>
			<td>sat</td>
			<td>sat</td>
			<td>Satıyoruz.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>You are sitting.</td>
			<td>oturmak</td>
			<td>otur</td>
			<td>otur</td>
			<td>Oturuyorsunuz.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>They are reading.</td>
			<td>okumak</td>
			<td>oku</td>
			<td>ok</td>
			<td>Okuyor(lar).</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<p>
	As you can see, we can make sentences in Turkish without using the personal pronouns <strong>ben</strong>, <strong>sen</strong>, etc.
	If we do use personal pronouns, extra emphasis is added to the person performing the action.
</p>

<p>
	With the verbs <strong>demek</strong> and <strong>yemek</strong>, there is no vowel left after taking the stem and dropping the trailing vowel.
	In this case, we use the vowel <strong>i</strong>.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Infinitive</th>
			<th>Stem</th>
			<th>Drop trailing vowel</th>
			<th>Personal ending</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>I am saying.</td>
			<td>demek</td>
			<td>de</td>
			<td>d</td>
			<td>Diyorum.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>You are eating.</td>
			<td>yemek</td>
			<td>ye</td>
			<td>y</td>
			<td>Yiyorsun.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

The present continuous

noun

adjective

determiner

verb

adverb

postposition

interjection

conjunction

pronoun

sentence

phrase

Unknown

NOUN - vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, consonant harmony

NOUN - no vowel harmony, no consonant harmony

VERB - intransitive, passive

VERB - intransitive, non-passive

VERB - transitive, non-causative

VERB - transitive, causative

VERB - ablative

VERB - dative

VERB - locative

VERB - accusative

VERB - intransitive, reciprocal

VERB - intransitive, reflexive

VERB - auxiliary

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Home

Question	Answer
I am selling coffee.	(Ben) kahve satıyorum.
You are sitting.	(Sen) oturuyorsun.
She is coming.	(O) geliyor.
to sleep	uyumak
We are sleeping.	(Biz) uyuyoruz.
You are sitting.	(Siz) oturuyorsunuz.
to give	vermek
They are giving apples.	Elma veriyorlar.
They are giving apples.	Onlar elma veriyor.
yes	evet
I am saying yes.	(Ben) evet diyorum.
no	hayır
You are saying no.	(Sen) hayır diyorsun.
bread	ekmek
He is eating bread.	(O) ekmek yiyor.
breakfast	kahvaltı
to do; to make	yapmak
to have breakfast	kahvaltı yapmak
You are having breakfast.	(Siz) kahvaltı yapıyorsunuz.
horse	at
The horses are eating apples.	Atlar elma yiyor.
to pull, to attract	çekmek

Turkish 11 - The present continuous

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