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<p>
	We've already learned that the particle <strong>は</strong> is used to mark the topic of a sentence.
	Apart from this usage, <strong>は</strong> is also used as a contrast marker.
</p>

<p>
	You can use the particle <strong>は</strong> as a contrast marker by using it multiple times.
</p>

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<p>
	Note that in the sentence above, <ruby>馬uma</ruby> and <ruby>犬inu</ruby> are subjects of the clauses they're in.
	But to emphasize the contrast, <strong>は</strong> is used instead of the subject marker <strong>が</strong>.
	We cannot use the particle <strong>は</strong> after the particle <strong>が</strong>.
	The contrast marker <strong>は</strong> can also not be combined with the object marker <strong>を</strong>,
	and therefore also replaces it if we want to contrast two objects.
</p>

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<p>
	Note that <strong>は</strong>'s role as contrast marker is consistent with its role as topic marker,
	as there are multiple topics that are talked about:
	as for <strong>A</strong> it is <strong>X</strong>, as for <strong>B</strong> it is <strong>Y</strong>.
</p>

<p>
	This becomes even more apparent in the following sentences,
	which show that the contrast marker does not need to be used multiple times in a sentence,
	and that making something the topic is already inherently contrasting it with other things that are not the topic.
</p>

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The contrast marker は

The verb to be

Hiragana 1

Kanji 1

Writing hiragana 1

Writing kanji 1

Hiragana 2

Kanji 2

The question particle か

Writing hiragana 2

This one and that one

Writing kanji 2

Reading exercise 1

Reading exercise 2

Hiragana 3

Negating nouns

Writing hiragana 3

The topic particle は

Kanji 3

The possession particle の

い-adjectives and な-adjectives

The subject particle が

Here and there

There is, there are

Writing kanji 3

Kanji 4

Group 1 verbs, direct and indirect objects

Group 2 verbs

Hiragana 4

Verbs in the past tense

Negating verbs

Invitations and the particle と

Negating past verbs

Writing hiragana 4

Reading exercise 3

Writing kanji 4

Reading exercise 4

Kanji 5

Nouns and the past tense

This and that

The group 3 verbs する and 来る

The discourse particles ね and よ

The location particles に and で

Hiragana 5

Writing hiragana 5

Writing kanji 5

The destination particles に and へ

Kanji 6

The origin particle から

Hiragana 6

Relative positions

Conjugating い-adjectives

Writing hiragana 6

Writing kanji 6

Hiragana 7

Writing hiragana 7

Kanji 7

Conjugating な-adjectives

How are you?

The particle も

The word ちょっと

Reading exercise 7

Katakana 1

Kanji 8

Numbers up to 10

Numbers from 11 to 99

How much is it?

Numbers from 100 to 999

Introduction to counters

Writing kanji 7

Writing katakana 1

Writing kanji 8

The 回-counter

Reading exercise 8

Katakana 2

How old are you?

Telling time: hours

Time and the に-particle

Reading exercise 5

Reading exercise 6

Kanji 9

Writing kanji 9

The days of the week

The months of the year

Telling time: minutes

Writing katakana 2

Using 〜間 to indicate duration

Greetings

The adjective いい

Like and Dislike

Katakana 3

Kanji 10

Let's and Shall We with the verb stem + ましょう

Expressing Desire: Nouns

Expressing Desire: Verbs

Expressing purpose with the verb stem + に

Writing katakana 3

Writing kanji 10

Katakana 4

Kanji 11

Reading exercise 9