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Now let's learn how to make Turkish nouns plural by adding the suffix ler or lar to the end of the noun.
 Whether we should use ler or lar depends on the last vowel in the noun, as described
 in the table below.
 

 <table class="ui celled table">
 <thead>
			<tr>
				<th>If the last vowel is</th>
				<th>use ler</th>
				<th>If the last vowel is</th>
				<th>use lar</th>
			</tr>
		</thead>
		<tbody>
			<tr>
				<td>e</td>
				<td>evler</td>
				<td>a</td>
				<td>akşamlar</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>i</td>
				<td>kişiler</td>
				<td>ı</td>
				<td>kadınlar</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>ö</td>
				<td>gözler</td>
				<td>o</td>
				<td>yollar</td>
			</tr>
			<tr>
				<td>ü</td>
				<td>günler</td>
				<td>u</td>
				<td>gruplar</td>
			</tr>
		</tbody>
 </table>

 
 The vowels at the left are called front vowels, because they are produced in the front of the mouth.
 The vowels at the right are called back vowels, because they are produced in the back of the mouth.
 

 
 This rule where you use an e after a front vowel and an a after a back vowel appears
 in many places in the Turkish language, and is called minor vowel harmony. In case you are wondering,
 there is indeed also a major vowel harmony, about which you will learn later.
 

 
 Since we don't always want to write ler or lar, from now on we will write lEr, with a capital E, to mean ler or lar.
 We will use this capital E in all future suffixes in which minor vowel harmony applies, to mean e or a.
 

 
 You will see in the next lessons that the use of the plural suffix is often optional, even when we refer to multiple entities.

Plural nouns and minor vowel harmony

Counting to 10

Fruits

The days of the week

The months of the year

Demonstratives

Adjectives

Vegetables

Animals extended

Hello and goodbye

Colors

First degree family

Nouns and articles

Personal pronouns

The verb "to be"

There is and there are

The infinitive and the stem

The imperative and major vowel harmony

The present continuous

The locative case suffix

The accusative case suffix

The dative case suffix

Final consonant harmony

Negative verbs

Questions in the present continuous

Questions with the verb "to be"

The imperative

The imperative forms of yemek and demek

Different uses of the present continuous

Irregular verbs

The Turkish alphabet

The indefinite article and the number one

The negative form of "to be"

Question words

Meeting people

Conjunctions

Stress inside questions

Locative location pronouns

Dative and ablative location pronouns

Accusative and locative personal pronouns

The genitive case suffix

Genitive personal pronouns

Extended family

The possession suffix

Dative and ablative personal pronouns

Expressing possession with var and yok

Clothing

The head and related parts

Compound nouns

Body parts

Combining suffixes

Water and the possession suffix

Vowel elimination on suffixation

Location postpositions

Location postpositions 2

Extra vocabulary and expressions

The ablative case suffix

Wearing things

Demonstratives with case suffixes

Counting larger numbers

Using numbers and quantifiers

A bit much and more and less

Animals

Telling time

The instrumentative

The definite simple past

Food

Nuts

Countries

Traffic and directions

The weather

With and without

Nationalities

Home

Ordinal numbers

The definite past of "to be"

Making comparisons

The future tense

In the kitchen

The infinitive with case suffixes

Occupations

Languages

Optative mood

Organs

More anatomy

Common adverbs

More adverbs

Even more adverbs

After, before and without

Cleaning

Sports

Travel

Common phrases

Positive feelings

Frequency adverbs

Word order

Indefinite determiners

Definite determiners

Pronominalized determiners

Negative feelings