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<p>
	As you have already learned, there are three verb groups: <strong>Group 1</strong>, or <strong><ruby>五go段dan</ruby></strong>; <strong>Group 2</strong>, or <strong><ruby>一iti段dan</ruby></strong>; and <strong>Group 3</strong>.
	In this lesson you will learn how to obtain the <strong>て-form</strong> for verbs from Group 2 and Group 3, and how the て-form can be used to make requests in Japanese.
	First, we will take a closer look at how we can determine what group a verb belongs to.
</p>

<h4>Classifying verbs</h4>

<p>
	You can classify most Japanese verb by asking the following questions in order.
</p>

<table class="ui celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Question</th>
			<th>Verb group</th>
			<th>Examples</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Is the verb <strong>する</strong> or <strong><ruby>来ku</ruby>る</strong>?<br/>(Include noun + verb compounds like <ruby>失situ礼reiする</ruby>)</td>
			<td>Group 3</td>
			<td>する<br/><ruby>来ku</ruby>る</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Does the verb <strong>not</strong> end in an <strong>iru</strong> or <strong>eru</strong> sound?</td>
			<td>Group 1</td>
			<td>ある<br/><ruby>飲no</ruby>む</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td rowspan="2">The verb ends in an <strong>eru</strong> or <strong>iru</strong> sound.</td>
			<td>Probably Group 2</td>
			<td><ruby>食ta</ruby>べる<br/><ruby>見mi</ruby>る</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td style="border-left: 1px solid rgba(34,36,38,.1)">Maybe group 1</td>
			<td><ruby>入hai</ruby>る</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<h4>Obtaining the て-form for verbs of Group 2 and Group 3</h4>

<p>
	The <strong>て-form</strong> is a verb conjugation that can be used in many different situations.
	For example, it can be used for making requests, connecting sentences together, and it's used in the present progressive tense.
</p>

<p>
	The て-form for Group 2, or <ruby>一iti段dan</ruby>, verbs is obtained by replacing the final <strong>る</strong> with <strong>て</strong>.
</p>
<p>
	The て-form for Group 3 verbs is also obtained by replacing the final <strong>る</strong> with <strong>て</strong>, but in addition, the <strong>u</strong> sound changes into an <strong>i</strong> sound.
</p>

<table class="ui celled fixed table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>Dictionary form</th>
			<th>Verb group</th>
			<th>て-form</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td><ruby>食ta</ruby>べる</td>
			<td>Group 2</td>
			<td><ruby>食ta</ruby>べて</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><ruby>見mi</ruby>る</td>
			<td>Group 2</td>
			<td><ruby>見mi</ruby>て</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>する</td>
			<td>Group 3</td>
			<td>して</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td><ruby>来ku</ruby>る</td>
			<td>Group 3</td>
			<td><ruby>来ki</ruby>て</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

<h4>Making requests with the て-form</h4>

<p>
	There's a variety of ways for asking for something or making a request in Japanese, which vary in terms of the level of politeness or
	appropriateness for specific situations. In this lesson we will introduce the pattern <strong>て-form + ください (please)</strong>. This is a 
	very versatile way to ask for something used among both friends and in more formal situations. Check out the example sentences below to see 
	this grammar point used in context.
</p>

<table class="ui fixed celled table">
	<thead>
		<tr>
			<th>English</th>
			<th>Japanese</th>
		</tr>
	</thead>
	<tbody>
		<tr data-item="27954"></tr>
		<tr data-item="27955"></tr>
		<tr data-item="27952"></tr>
		<tr data-item="194450"></tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

The -て form and the imperative part 1

hiragana character

kanji

adnominal

adverb

auxiliary

conjunction

compound

i-adjective

interjection

noun

na-adjective

numeral

particle

case particle

conjunctive particle

discourse particle

prefix

pronoun

suffix

verb

sentence

hiragana writing

kanji writing

kanji component

reading vocabulary

katakana writing

katakana character

godan - group 1

itidan - group 2

group 3

transitive

intransitive

proper noun

discourse

phrase

expression

adjectival noun

adverbial phrase

adjectival phrase

The verb to be

Hiragana 1

Kanji 1

Writing hiragana 1

Writing kanji 1

Hiragana 2

Kanji 2

The question particle か

Writing hiragana 2

This one and that one

Writing kanji 2

Reading exercise 1

Reading exercise 2

Hiragana 3

Negating nouns

Writing hiragana 3

The topic particle は

Kanji 3

The possession particle の

い-adjectives and な-adjectives

The subject particle が

Here and there

There is, there are

Writing kanji 3

Kanji 4

Group 1 verbs, direct and indirect objects

Group 2 verbs

Hiragana 4

Verbs in the past tense

Negating verbs

Invitations and the particle と

Negating past verbs

Writing hiragana 4

Reading exercise 3

Writing kanji 4

Reading exercise 4

Kanji 5

Nouns and the past tense

This and that

The group 3 verbs する and 来る

The discourse particles ね and よ

The location particles に and で

Hiragana 5

Writing hiragana 5

Writing kanji 5

The destination particles に and へ

Kanji 6

The origin particle から

Hiragana 6

Relative positions

Conjugating い-adjectives

Writing hiragana 6

Writing kanji 6

Hiragana 7

Writing hiragana 7

Kanji 7

Conjugating な-adjectives

How are you?

The particle も

The word ちょっと

Reading exercise 7

Question	Answer
step; grade	段だんdan
verb group 1	五ご段だんgodan
verb group 2	一いち段だんitidan
please	くださいkudasai
verb suffix for forming the imperative, among other things	〜て〜te
Please come.	来きて　ください。kite kudasai.
Please look.	見みて　ください。mite kudasai.
vegetable	野や菜さいyasai
Please eat (your) vegetables.	野や菜さい　を　食たべて　ください。yasai wo tabete kudasai.
Please do the shopping.	買かい物もの　を　して　ください。kaimono wo site kudasai.
Please come.	来きて　ください。来きいて　ください。来きって　ください。 kite kudasai. kiite kudasai. kitte kudasai.

Japanese 130 - The -て form and the imperative part 1

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