Proto-Germanic

QuestionAnswer
and
-hw
Suffix
and (after obstruents)
-uh
Suffix
"one" (masculine)
ainaz
"one apple"
ainaz aplaz
"one man is eating that apple"
ainaz weraz itidi sa aplą
one (neuter)
ainą
one (feminine)
ainō
but
ak
apples (accusative case)
aplanz
apple
aplaz
This noun is masculine
apple (accusative case)
aplą
apples
aplōz
to get better
batnaną
I get/am getting better
batnō
happy (neuter)
bedana
happy (male, plural)
bedanai
happy, content; pleased (male)
bedanaz
happy (female, plural)
bedanôz
happy (female)
bedanō
happy (neuter, plural)
bedanō
to become
beuną
please
bidjai
As in "I'd like an apple, please"
"please, don't be sick!"
bidjai, sijēs seukaz!
I
ek
I become
ek biumi
"I am eating"
ek etō
"I am eating an apple"
ek etō aplą
I am
ek immi
"I'm a good person"
ek immi ainaz gōdaz mannô
"I'm sick."
ek immi seukaz.
"I can"
ek kann
I was
ek was
"I was sick, but now I'm getting better" (neuter)
ek was seuką, ak nu ek batnō
to eat
etaną
good (male, plural, strong decl.)
gōdai
good (male, plural, weak decl.)
gōdaniz
good (male, strong decl.)
gōdaz
good (male, weak decl.)
gōdô
good (neuter, weak decl.)
gōdô
"the good man"
gōdô weraz
good (female, plural, strong decl.)
gōdôz
good (neuter, strong decl.)
gōdą
good (female, strong decl.)
gōdō
good (neuter, plural, strong decl.)
gōdō
good (female, plural, weak decl.)
gōdōniz
good (neuter, plural, weak decl.)
gōdōnō
good (female, weak decl.)
gōdǭ
this (female)
hijō
these (neuter)
hijō
"this is a good cow"
hijō isti ainō gōdō kūz
"this is the best cow"
hijō isti batistǭ kūz
"these are good trees"
hijō sindi gōdō trewō
"these are the best!"
hijō sindi þat batistô!
these (female)
hijōz
this (neuter)
hit
this (male)
hiz
because; for
hwandê
these (male)
hīz
they (all); all of them (female)
ijôz
they (all); all of them (neuter)
ijō
they all are; all of them are (neuter)
ijō sindi
it
it
it becomes
it biuþi
"it can"
it kann
"it must"
it skal
it was
it was
he
iz
"he is a man"
iz isti weraz
"are you sick?"
izi þū seukō?
he/she/it is
iz/sī/it isti
"he/she/it is eating"
iz/sī/it itidi
you (all); all of you
jūz
you all are; all of you are
jūz izud
to be able to
kunnaną
cows
kwōiz
cow
kūz
This noun is feminine
"the cow is eating the apple"
kūz itidi aplą
person
mannô
This noun is masculine
one (pronoun)
manô
"one must not eat trees"
manô ne skal etaną trewō
"one must eat apples"
manô skal etaną aplanz
me (accusative)
mek
not; negative particle
ne
now
nu
that (masculine)
sa
sick; ill (male, strong decl.)
seukaz
sick; ill (neuter, strong decl.)
seuką
sick; ill (female, strong decl.)
seukō
to have to
skulaną
Also means "to owe"
she
that (feminine)
"that is a cow and this is a man"
sō isti ainō kūz hizuh isti ainaz weraz
tree
trewą
This noun is neuter
trees
trewō
This is also the accusative case form
man
weraz
This noun is masculine
"the man and the tree"
weraz trewąhw
men
werōz
be! (second-person singular imperative)
wes
"be happy!"
wes bedanaz!
to be
wesaną
you all were; all of you were
wēzud
we all were; all of us were
wēzum
they all were; all of them were
wēzun
we; all of us
wīz
we all are; all of us are
wīz izum
(all of) those (masculine, plural)
þai
that (neuter)
þat
(all of) those (feminine, plural)
þôz
(all of) those (neuter, plural)
þō
you; thou
þū
you become
þū biusi
"you and me"
þū ekuh
"you are eating"
þū itizi
you are
þū izi
"you are a person"
þū izi mannô
"you can"
þū kannt
"you can't eat me!"
þū ne kannt etaną mek!
you were
þū wast
they (all); all of them (male)
īz
"they're good men"
īz sindi gōdai werōz